Table 6. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis for the associated factors of birth asphyxia.
| Variables | Category | Birth asphyxia | COR(95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes(n = 52) | No(n = 321) | ||||
| Age groups of mothers | 15–19 | 4(7.7%) | 18(5.6%) | 1 | 1 |
| 20–24 | 14(26.9%) | 74(23.1%) | 0.85(0.25–0.28) | 0.71(0.11–4.46) | |
| 25–29 | 19(36.5) | 122(38%) | 0.70(0.21–2.29) | 0.67(0.10–4.30) | |
| 30–34 | 4(7.7%) | 69(21.5%) | 0.26(0.05–1.14) * | 0.59(0.06–5.48) | |
| ≥35 | 11(21.2%) | 38(11.8%) | 1.30(0.36–4.65) | 3.85(0.44–33.0) | |
| Educational status of mothers | No formal education | 9(17.3%) | 42(13.1%) | 3.25(1.02–10.3) * | 1.09(0.22–5.41) |
| Primary | 21(40.4%) | 112(34.9%) | 2.85(1.03–7.88) * | 1.38(0.37–5.03) | |
| Secondary | 17(32.7%) | 91(28.3%) | 2.84(1.00–8.05) * | 1.33(0.32–5.51) | |
| Above secondary | 5(9.6%) | 76(23.7%) | 1 | 1 | |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | <18.5 | 4(7.7%) | 26(8.1) | 1 | 1 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 26(50%) | 238(74.1%) | 0.71(0.23–2.19) | 1.06(0.18–6.06) | |
| 25–29.9 | 19(36.5%) | 49(15.3%) | 2.52(0.77–8.18) * | 2.08(0.31–13.5) | |
| ≥30 | 3(5.8%) | 8(2.5%) | 2.43(0.44–13.2) | 3.06(0.29–32.4) | |
| Height of the mothers | <145 cm | 22(42.3%) | 29(9%) | 7.38(3.78–14.4) * | 10.7(3.59–32.4) ** |
| ≥145 cm | 30(57.7%) | 292(91%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Parity | Primipara | 31(59.6%) | 155(48.3%) | 1.58(0.87–2.86) * | 2.04(0.72–5.77) |
| Multipara | 21(40.4%) | 166(51.7%) | 1 | 1 | |
| GDM | Yes | 10(19.2%) | 30(9.3%) | 2.31(1.05–5.06) * | 2.24(0.52–9.67) |
| No | 42(80.8%) | 291(90.7%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Types of pregnancy | Single | 50(96.2%) | 291(90.7%) | 2.57(0.59–11.1) * | 4.48(0.49–40.7) |
| Twine | 2(3.8%) | 30(9.3%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Abruptio placenta | Yes | 4(7.7%) | 4(1.2%) | 6.6(1.59–27.2) * | 5.30(0.52–54.0) |
| No | 48(92.3%) | 317(98.8%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Intrapartal fetal distress | Yes | 26(50%) | 62(19.3%) | 4.17(2.26–7.68) * | 4.74(1.81–12.4) ** |
| No | 26(50%) | 259(80.7%) | 1 | 1 | |
| CPD | Yes | 4(7.7%) | 5(1.6%) | 5.26(1.36–20.3) * | 5.08(0.85–30.3) |
| No | 48(92.3%) | 316(98.4%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Condition of labor | Spontaneous | 42(80.8%) | 212(66%) | 3.78(1.13–12.6) * | 6.73(0.88–51.2) |
| Induced | 7(13.5%) | 53(16.5%) | 2.5(0.61–10.2) * | 2.88(0.30–27.4) | |
| No labor | 3(5.8%) | 56(17.4%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Duration of labor | Normal | 24(49%) | 171(64.5%) | 1 | 1 |
| Prolonged | 25(51%) | 94(35.5%) | 1.89(1.02–3.5) * | 1.80(0.70–4.62) | |
| No labor | 3(5.8%) | 56(17.4%) | 0.38(0.11–1.31) * | 0.54(0.35–2.42) | |
| Duration of rupture of membranes | <18 hours | 41(78.8%) | 276(86%) | 1 | 1 |
| ≥18 hours | 11(21.2%) | 45(14%) | 1.64(0.78–3.43) * | 1.05(0.33–3.32) | |
| Color of amniotic fluids | Clear | 33(63.5%) | 259(80.7%) | 1 | 1 |
| Meconium stained | 19(36.5) | 62(19.3%) | 2.4(1.28–4.51) * | 1.95(0.72–5.27) | |
| Cord prolapse | Yes | 4(7.7%) | 4(1.2%) | 6.6(1.59–27.2) * | 7.7 (1.45–34.0) ** |
| No | 48(92.3%) | 317(98.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| Tight nuchal cord | Yes | 7(13.5%) | 6(1.9%) | 8.16(2.62–25.3) * | 9.2 (4.9–35.3) ** |
| No | 45(86.5%) | 315(98.1%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Qualification of birth attendant | Gynecologist | 14(26.9%) | 40(12.5%) | 1 | 1 |
| Residents | 25(48.1%) | 159(49.5%) | 0.44(0.21–0.94) * | 0.19(0.05–0.68) ** | |
| Midwifes | 13(25%) | 122(38%) | 0.3(0.13–0.7) * | 0.62(0.15–2.56) | |
| Time of birth | Day time | 20(38.5%) | 210(65.4%) | 1 | 1 |
| Night time | 32(61.5%) | 111(34.6%) | 3.02(1.65–5.53) * | 1.81(0.73–4.51) | |
| Sex | Male | 39(75%) | 186(57.9%) | 2.17(1.11–4.23) * | 3.84(1.30–11.3) ** |
| Female | 13(25%) | 135(42.1%) | 1 | 1 | |
| Birth weight | <2500 g | 12(23.1%) | 42(13.1%) | 2.10(1.01–4.39) * | 5.28(1.58–17.6) ** |
| 2500–3999 g | 34(65.4%) | 251(78.2%) | 1 | 1 | |
| ≥4000g | 6(11.5%) | 28(8.7%) | 1.58(0.61–4.09) | 0.29(0.04–1.75) | |
Hosmer and Lemeshow test, P-value = 0.758.
*statistically significant by COR at P-value ≤0.25.
** Statistically significant by AOR at P-value<0.05.
Key: BMI: Body Mass Index, CPD: Cephalopelvic Disproportion, GDM: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, COR: Crude Odds Ratio, AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio