Table 6. Relationship between the prevalence of pneumonia and nasogastric tube use; receiving general anesthesia; using loop diuretics; the presence of pulmonary diseases; levels of WBC, ESR, and CRP; results of blood and respiratory cultures; the number of hospitalization and ICU admission in the last six months; RASS score (number of sedation days on and off); and the type of pneumonia.
NA, not applicable; χ2, chi-squared; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; RASS, Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale; AMS, altered mental status
| Variable | Pneumonia | χ2 | P-value | |
| Present number (%) | Absent number (%) | |||
| Nasogastric tube use | ||||
| NA | 3 (9.4) | 29 (90.6) | 47.7 | <0.001 |
| No | 24 (5.3) | 428 (94.7) | ||
| Yes | 8 (50) | 8 (50) | ||
| Receiving general anesthesia | 8 (7.9) | 93 (92.1) | 0.16 | 0.685 |
| Using loop diuretics | 24 (6.5) | 345 (93.5) | 0.53 | 0.466 |
| Pulmonary diseases | ||||
| No | 15 (4) | 360 (96) | 20.73 | <0.001 |
| Yes | 20 (16) | 105 (84) | ||
| Leukocyte (WBC) count | ||||
| High | 12 (15.2) | 67 (84.8) | 11.6 | 0.009 |
| Low | 4 (10.8) | 33 (89.2) | ||
| Missing | 0 (0.0) | 4 (100) | ||
| Normal | 19 (5) | 361 (95) | ||
| ESR | ||||
| High | 11 (15.7) | 59 (84.3) | 9.75 | 0.021 |
| Low | 0 (0.0) | 5 (100) | ||
| Missing | 18 (5.6) | 306 (94.4) | ||
| Normal | 6 (5.9) | 95 (94.1) | ||
| CRP | ||||
| High | 24 (11.8) | 180 (88.2) | 12.89 | 0.005 |
| Low | 0 (0.0) | 14 (100) | ||
| Missing | 9 (3.5) | 246 (96.5) | ||
| Normal | 2 (7.4) | 25 (92.6) | ||
| Blood culture | ||||
| NA | 20 (6.5) | 287 (93.5) | 0.28 | 0.592 |
| No organism | 15 (7.8) | 178 (92.2) | ||
| Respiratory culture | ||||
| Endotracheal tube | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) | 41.17 | <0.001 |
| NA | 18 (4.6) | 374 (95.4) | ||
| Nasopharyngeal swap | 3 (30) | 7 (70) | ||
| Normal | 2 (3.8) | 50 (96.2) | ||
| Sputum "bacteria" | 11 (28.9) | 27 (71.1) | ||
| Suction | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | ||
| Number of hospitalization within the last six months | ||||
| Two times | 5 (7.7) | 60 (92.3) | 24.69 | <0.001 |
| Less than two times | 5 (2.3) | 211 (97.7) | ||
| NA | 0 (0.0) | 13 (100) | ||
| More than two times | 21 (15.9) | 111 (84.1) | ||
| No | 4 (5.4) | 70 (94.6) | ||
| Number of ICU admission within the last six months | ||||
| NA | 15 (11.9) | 111 (88.1) | 6.26 | 0.044 |
| More than nine | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | ||
| No | 20 (5.4) | 353 (94.6) | ||
| RASS score (number of sedation days) | ||||
| One-hour AMS, confusion, generalized weakness, and dysarthria | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100) | 1.48 | 0.685 |
| NA | 27 (6.5) | 388 (93.5) | ||
| No | 8 (9.9) | 73 (90.1) | ||
| Sedation | 0 (0.0) | 3 (100) | ||
| Number of sedation days off | 1 (0.001) | 1.79 (2.6) | 0.71 | 0.882 |
| How many days was the patient ventilated | ||||
| NA | 14 (5.5) | 241 (94.5) | 2.16 | 0.339 |
| More than 10 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (100) | ||
| No ventilation | 21 (8.7) | 221 (91.3) | ||