Table 2.
Relative Differences in All-Cause Mortality, by Chronic Condition, within the Study Population of Beneficiaries Enrolled in Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) Parts A and B: 2019 vs. 2016 and 2020 vs. 2019.
| Health Condition Categories⁎ | Group | Change in all-cause mortality (2019 vs 2016) |
Change in all-cause mortality (2020 vs 2019) |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
| Total FFS Parts A and B Enrolled Study Population | 0.990 (0.989, 0.991) | 1.159 (1.156, 1.620) | |
| Acquired Hypothyroidism (Hypothyroid) | Age-related | 0.991 (0.990, 0.992) | 1.172 (1.168, 1.177) |
| ADHD and Conduct Disorders (ADHD) | Mental/behavioral | 1.015 (1.009, 1.020) | 1.263 (1.246, 1.280) |
| Alcohol Use Disorders (Alcohol) | Mental/behavioral | 1.002 (0.999, 1.005) | 1.161 (1.152, 1.170) |
| Alzheimer's Disease (Alzheimer's) | Disability-related | 1.008 (1.006, 1.009) | 1.320 (1.313, 1.327) |
| Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias (Dementia) | Disability-related | 0.998 (0.997, 0.999) | 1.241 (1.237, 1.246) |
| Anemia | Age-related | 0.995 (0.994, 0.996) | 1.172 (1.169, 1.175) |
| Anxiety Disorders (Anxiety) | Mental/behavioral | 0.983 (0.982, 0.984) | 1.166 (1.162, 1.171) |
| Asthma | Age-related | 0.975 (0.974, 0.977) | 1.150 (1.144, 1.156) |
| Atrial Fibrillation (AF) | Age-related | 0.987 (0.985, 0.988) | 1.123 (1.118, 1.128) |
| Autism Spectrum Disorders (Autism) | Disability-related | 1.007 (0.988, 1.026) | 1.307 (1.245, 1.373) |
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) | Age-related | 0.992 (0.990, 0.993) | 1.178 (1.172, 1.183) |
| Bipolar Disorder (Bipolar) | Mental/behavioral | 1.034 (1.031, 1.037) | 1.295 (1.285, 1.305) |
| Blindness and Visual Impairment (Vision Loss) | Disability-related | 0.993 (0.989, 0.997) | 1.231 (1.215, 1.246) |
| Breast Cancer (Breast Ca) | Age-related | 0.981 (0.978, 0.984) | 1.110 (1.100, 1.120) |
| Cerebral Palsy (CP) | Disability-related | 1.013 (1.002, 1.024) | 1.301 (1.262, 1.341) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Age-related | 0.964 (0.964, 0.965) | 1.164 (1.160, 1.167) |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | Other | 0.977 (0.976, 0.979) | 1.157 (1.153, 1.161) |
| Chronic Pain/Fatigue, Fibromyalgia (Chronic Pain) | Age-related | 0.997 (0.994, 1.001) | 1.106 (1.095, 1.117) |
| Colorectal Cancer (CR Ca) | Age-related | 0.994 (0.993, 0.995) | 1.163 (1.159, 1.167) |
| Cystic Fibrosis and Related (CF) | Disability-related | 1.033 (1.029, 1.037) | 1.219 (1.206, 1.232) |
| Deafness & Hearing Impairment (Hearing Loss) | Disability-related | 0.987 (0.986, 0.989) | 1.187 (1.181, 1.193) |
| Developmental Delays (DD) | Disability-related | 1.007 (0.994, 1.020) | 1.337 (1.291, 1.385) |
| Diabetes (DM) | Age-related | 1.000 (0.999, 1.001) | 1.209 (1.205, 1.213) |
| Endometrial Cancer (Uterine Ca) | Age-related | 0.977 (0.971, 0.983) | 1.104 (1.084, 1.125) |
| Epilepsy | Disability-related | 1.002 (1.000, 1.005) | 1.221 (1.211, 1.230) |
| Eye Cataract (Cataract) | Age-related | 0.989 (0.988, 0.990) | 1.171 (1.168, 1.175) |
| Glaucoma | Age-related | 0.995 (0.993, 0.996) | 1.191 (1.185, 1.196) |
| Heart Failure (HF) | Age-related | 0.996 (0.995, 0.997) | 1.165 (1.161, 1.169) |
| Hip/Pelvic Fracture (Hip Fx) | Age-related | 0.995 (0.993, 0.997) | 1.186 (1.178, 1.195) |
| HIV/AIDS | Other | 1.011 (0.999, 1.022) | 1.184 (1.144, 1.225) |
| Hyperlipidemia (Lipids) | Age-related | 0.993 (0.992, 0.994) | 1.169 (1.166, 1.172) |
| Hypertension (HTN) | Age-related | 0.992 (0.991, 0.993) | 1.171 (1.168, 1.174) |
| Intellectual Disabilities and Related (Intell. Disab.) | Disability-related | 1.019 (1.013, 1.026) | 1.312 (1.289, 1.336) |
| Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) | Age-related | 0.998 (0.997, 0.998) | 1.173 (1.170, 1.176) |
| Learning Disabilities (Learning Disab.) | Disability-related | 0.997 (0.988, 1.006) | 1.285 (1.256, 1.314) |
| Leukemias and Lymphomas (L & L) | Age-related | 0.977 (0.973, 0.980) | 1.088 (1.076, 1.099) |
| Liver Disease, Cirrhosis & Related (Non-Hepatitis) (Liver (Non-hepatitis)) | Age-related | 0.975 (0.973, 0.977) | 1.120 (1.115, 1.126) |
| Lung Cancer (Lung Ca) | Age-related | 0.958 (0.956, 0.961) | 1.022 (1.013, 1.032) |
| Major Depressive Disorder (Depression) | Mental/behavioral | 0.989 (0.988, 0.990) | 1.187 (1.184, 1.191) |
| Migraine and Other Chronic Headache (Headache) | Other | 1.020 (1.016, 1.023) | 1.174 (1.163, 1.184) |
| Mobility Impairments (Mobility Loss) | Disability-related | 0.987 (0.985, 0.989) | 1.188 (1.181, 1.195) |
| Multiple Sclerosis and Transverse Myelitis (MS) | Disability-related | 1.002 (0.994, 1.010) | 1.211 (1.183, 1.239) |
| Muscular Dystrophy (MD) | Disability-related | 0.994 (0.976, 1.012) | 1.201 (1.139, 1.267) |
| Obesity | Other | 0.974 (0.972, 0.975) | 1.220 (1.215, 1.225) |
| Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) | Mental/behavioral | 1.007 (1.003, 1.010) | 1.135 (1.125, 1.145) |
| Osteoporosis | Age-related | 0.981 (0.980, 0.983) | 1.159 (1.154, 1.164) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) | Age-related | 0.994 (0.993, 0.995) | 1.200 (1.196, 1.204) |
| Personality Disorders (Personality Dis.) | Mental/behavioral | 1.022 (1.017, 1.026) | 1.263 (1.248, 1.277) |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | Mental/behavioral | 1.013 (1.007, 1.019) | 1.197 (1.178, 1.217) |
| Pressure Ulcers and Chronic Ulcers (Skin Ulcer) | Age-related | 1.004 (1.003, 1.006) | 1.198 (1.193, 1.203) |
| Prostate Cancer (Prostate Ca) | Age-related | 0.981 (0.979, 0.984) | 1.139 (1.130, 1.149) |
| Psychotic Disorders (Non-Schizophrenic) (Psychotic/Non-schizophrenic) | Mental/behavioral | 0.970 (0.968, 0.973) | 1.260 (1.250, 1.270) |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis (Arthritis) | Age-related | 0.987 (0.986, 0.988) | 1.176 (1.172, 1.179) |
| Schizophrenia | Mental/behavioral | 1.035 (1.031, 1.040) | 1.384 (1.367, 1.402) |
| Sickle Cell Disease (Sickle Cell) | Other | 1.027 (0.998, 1.058) | 1.153 (1.059, 1.255) |
| Spina Bifida and Related (Spina Bifida) | Disability-related | 0.950 (0.941, 0.960) | 1.160 (1.125, 1.196) |
| Spinal Cord Injury (Spinal Injury) | Disability-related | 1.002 (0.998, 1.007) | 1.177 (1.163, 1.190) |
| Stroke | Age-related | 0.996 (0.995, 0.998) | 1.189 (1.184, 1.194) |
| Tobacco Use Disorders (Tobacco Dis) | Other | 0.994 (0.992, 0.996) | 1.141 (1.135, 1.146) |
| Traumatic Brain Injury and Related (TBI) | Disability-related | 0.987 (0.983, 0.992) | 1.227 (1.210, 1.244) |
| Viral Hepatitis (General) (Hepatitis) | Other | 1.001 (0.996, 1.005) | 1.177 (1.163, 1.192) |
⁎
The shorthand terms that were used for improved data visualization in Fig. 2 are denoted, where applicable, by the italicized terms that are shown in parentheses.