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. 2022 Dec 30;4(1):128–147. doi: 10.1038/s43018-022-00491-x

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 10 — a-i. Analysis of metastasis-associated promoter DNA hypermethylation of three genes (JAM3, YBX3 and SYNDIG1) encoding components of tight junctions or regulation of adhesion molecules. For each gene, a comparison of promoter CpG DNA methylation between primary and metastatic tumors is shown on the left (a, d, g), a second comparison of promoter CpG DNA methylation between ① unmethylated primaries (β-value of <0.3) and their paired metastasis and ② methylated primaries (β-value of > 0.3) with their paired metastasis (b, c, e) is shown in the middle, and a third comparison of gene expression between primary and metastatic tumors based on all samples (All), Luminal A-B and HER2E only (luminals/HER2E), and basal-like subtype only (basals) is shown on the right (c, f, i). LumA, Luminal A; LumB, Luminal B; P, primary; M, metastasis; P-Unme, Unmethylated primary; P-Me, Methylated primary.