Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants who were considered for inclusion in the development (GS:SFHS) and validation (GoDARTS) of the risk model for incident neuropathic pain
| Characteristic | GS:SFHS (n = 4,197) | GoDARTS (n = 640) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observationsa | Missing data | Observationsa | missing data | |
| Incidence of neuropathic pain at follow-up, n (%) | 236 (6.0) | 7 | 61 (10.7) | 11 |
| Age (years) | 60 (50–66) | 0 | 70 (63–76) | < 1 |
| Gender (% male) | 40 | 0 | 63 | < 1 |
| Social deprivation (SIMD; %) | ||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 6 | 12 | 10 | 36 |
| 2 | 10 | 17 | ||
| 3 | 16 | 20 | ||
| 4 | 28 | 30 | ||
| 5 (least deprived) | 40 | 23 | ||
| Depression (PROMIS SF4a T-score) | 41.0 (41.0–51.8) | 4 | 41.0 (41.0–51.8) | 7 |
| Anxiety (PROMIS SF4a T-score) | 40.3 (40.3–51.2) | 4 | 40.3 (40.3–51.2) | 6 |
| Sleep disturbance (PROMIS SF4a T-score) | 46.2 (41.1–52.4) | 7 | 48.4 (41.1–54.3) | 13 |
| Extraversion (TIPI score) | 4 (3–5.5) | 3 | 4 (3–5) | 7 |
| Agreeableness (TIPI score) | 5.5 (4.5–6.5) | 3 | 5 (4.5–6.5) | 5 |
| Conscientiousness (TIPI score) | 6 (5.5–7) | 3 | 6 (5–6.625) | 6 |
| Emotional stability (TIPI score) | 5.5 (4–6.5) | 3 | 5.5 (4–6.5) | 5 |
| Open to new experiences (TIPI score) | 5 (4–6) | 3 | 5 (4–5.5) | 5 |
| Pain catastrophising (PCS score) | 3 (0–8) | 3 | 3 (0–8) | 6 |
| Traumatic events before 18 years of age (%) | 30 | 2 | 24 | 4 |
| Hospital stay before 18 years of age (%) | 6 | 5 | 10 | 8 |
| Ever smoked (%) | 35 | < 1 | 54 | 1 |
| Currently drink alcohol (%) | 91 | < 1 | 78 | 1 |
| Physical activity (%; high) | 48 | 42 | 90 | 20 |
| Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L Index) | 0.837 (0.768–1.000) | 4 | 0.837 (0.710–1.000) | 6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.39 (22.82–28.33) | 8 | 29.675 (26.6–33.4) | 0 |
| Resting heart rate (BPM) | 68 (61–75) | 5 | 71 (62.5–80.5) | 36 |
| Hypertension (%) | 34 | 8 | 30 | 0 |
| Coronary artery disease/heart disease (%) | 3 | 8 | 16 | 0 |
| Stroke (%) | < 1 | 8 | 3 | 0 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.7 (4.4–5.0) | 10 | 8.0 (6.6–11.225) | 41 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 71 (63–82) | 9 | 78 (64–92) | < 1 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.2 (4.5–5.9) | 9 | 4.00 (3.30–4.32) | < 1 |
| High Density Lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 9 | 1.00 (0.94–1.36) | < 1 |
BMI body mass index; BPM beats per minute; EQ-5D-5L EuroQoL-five dimensions-five levels; GoDARTS Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland; GS:SFHS Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study; PCS Pain Catastrophising Scale; PROMIS patient-reported outcomes measurement information system; SF4a short form four answers; SIMD Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation; TIPI ten item personality inventory
aObservations reported as percentages or median and interquartile range, excluding missing data