Table 2.
Association between GDF-15 levels and BPV (multivariable regression)
| Visit-to-visit BPV over a 4-year period | SBPV | DBPV | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
| β (SE) | p-value | β (SE) | p-value | β (SE) | p-value | β (SE) | p-value | |
| SD | 0.11 (0.03) | < 0.001 | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.03 | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.12 | − 0.00 (0.03) | 0.88 |
| CV% | 0.09 (0.03) | < 0.01 | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.04 | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.06 | − 0.00 (0.03) | 0.98 |
| VIM | 0.08 (0.03) | < 0.01 | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.04 | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.08 | − 0.00 (0.03) | 0.93 |
| RSD | 0.14 (0.03) | < 0.001 | 0.10 (0.03) | < 0.01 | 0.08 (0.03) | < 0.01 | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.59 |
| ARV | 0.10 (0.03) | < 0.001 | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.02 | 0.03 (0.03) | 0.22 | − 0.01 (0.03) | 0.66 |
| SV | 0.09 (0.03) | < 0.001 | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.04 | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.18 | − 0.00 (0.03) | 0.95 |
Multivariable-adjusted models on age (years), gender, BMI, MAPT randomization group, antihypertensive agents, baseline SBP, cardiovascular disease, non-cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular disease: heart failure and/or IHD and/or atrial fibrillation and/or stroke
Non-cardiovascular disease: CKD and/or active cancer and/or COPD/asthma
ARV, average real variability; BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CV, coefficient of variation; IHD, ischemic heart disease; RSD, residual standard deviation; SE, standard error; SV, successive variation; VIM, variation independent of mean