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. 2023 Jan 17;12:1060748. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1060748

Figure 4.

Figure 4

RV-A and RV-C, but not RV-B, cause increased adherence of M. catarrhalis. Differentiated cell cultures from two epithelial cell donors were infected with two representative types from each RV species (A16, A35, B52, B72, C2 and C15) (A–C) followed by the addition of M. catarrhalis strain MC14. After co-infection the following parameters were measured: (A) Adherent M. catarrhalis in cell lysate (P vs. uninfected control [“MC”]), (B) RV replication (P value vs B72), and (C) cytotoxicity (P vs. uninfected control [“MC-/RV-”]). Bars represent geometric mean ± SD. Results are from 3 independent experiments (ordinary one-way ANOVA; * P < 0.05, ** P<0.01, ***P<0.001, **** P<0.0001). (D) Following infection with RV-C15, four strains of M. catarrhalis (MC14, RSM43, RSM163, and 035E) were added to the culture. After co-infection, quantitative PCR was used to quantify the cell-associated M. catarrhalis. Bars represent geometric means ± SD (n = minimum of 3 per strain; unpaired t-test).