Table 2.
Expression and application of piRNAs in urological tumors.
| piRNA types | Functions \ possible clinical applications | expression | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Renal carcinoma | |||
| piR-32051 | Prognostic marker | Up regulation | (28) |
| piR-39894 | Prognostic marker | Up regulation | |
| piR-43607 | Prognostic marker | Up regulation | |
| piR-30924 | Prognostic marker | Up regulation | (90, 91) |
| piR-38756 | Prognostic marker | Up regulation | |
| piR-57125 | Inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and can be used as a diagnostic tool and a therapeutic target | Down regulation | |
| piR-34536 | Prognostic marker | Down regulation | (92) |
| piR-51810 | Prognostic marker | Down regulation | |
| piR-823 | Diagnostic tool | Down regulation | (93) |
| piR-823(urine) | Diagnostic tool | Up regulation | |
| piR-31115 | Promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and can be used as a diagnostic tool and a therapeutic target | Up regulation | (94) |
| Bladder cancer | |||
| piRABC(piRNADQ594040、piR-60152) | Inhibit cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and promote apoptosis, and can be used as a diagnostic tool and a therapeutic target | Down regulation | (95) |
| piR-5936(plasma exosomes) | Diagnostic tool | Up regulation | (29) |
| Prostate cancer | |||
| piR-651 | Related to hormone therapy for cancer | Up regulation | (96) |
| piR-823 | Related to hormone therapy for cancer | Up regulation | |
| piR-001773 | Promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and can be used as a diagnostic tool and a therapeutic target | Up regulation | (30) |
| piR-017184 | Promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and can be used as a diagnostic tool and a therapeutic target | Up regulation | |
| piR-31470 | Promote cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, and can be used as a diagnostic tool and a therapeutic target | Up regulation | (97) |
| Testicular cancer | |||
| PIWI/piRNA | The loss of this pathway is beneficial to the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells | Defect | (31, 98, 99) |
PubMed and Web of Science were used for searching the articles related to urological tumors and piRNA in the past 10 years.