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. 2023 Jan 17;13:1099276. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1099276

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Stress and hypoxia mediated increase of the tryptophan derived metabolic kynurenine 128 pathway in detriment of 5-HT generation. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), being upregulated 129 by stress, enhances toxic kynurenine signaling. By reducing tryptophan hidroxylase (TPH) activities, 130 hypoxia concomitantly diminishes 5-HT availability.