Table 7.
Ovarian-related fertility studies.
| Authors (reference) | Type of study | Study design | Aim | Results | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rumi et al. (231) |
In vivo animal (rat) female |
Animal medical experiment | Analysis of Esr1-knockout rats generated by ZFN-mediated genome editing | Δ482 Esr1 mutation created a null allele | Disturbance of ESR1 activity leads to infertility of male and female rats |
| Rumi et al. (232) |
In vivo animal (rat) female |
Animal medical experiment | Assessment of the role of ESR2 in fertility regulation | Reproductive functions were impaired in mutant rats | Disturbance of ESR2 activity leads to female infertility |
| Hipp et al. (233) |
in vivo human female |
Semi-structured interviews | Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic regimens in people with fragile X-associated POI | POI diagnosis and hormone treatment occurred later | Women with FXPOI are at risk for delayed POI diagnosis and undertreatment with hormone therapy |
| Mohammed et al. (234) |
in vivo human female |
Meta-analysis | Risk comparison of vascular events during the use of oral and transdermal estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women | A higher percentage of vascular events occurred in women using oral estrogens | Oral estrogen therapy may be associated with a higher risk of vascular events compared to transdermal therapy |
| Canonico et al. (235) |
in vivo human female |
Clinical experiment | Assessment of the impact of HRT administration on the risk of venous thromboembolism | The odds ratio for venous thromboembolism was higher in women using oral estrogens | Transdermal estrogen therapy is associated with a lower risk of venous thromboembolism |
| Renoux et al. (235) |
in vivo human female |
Comparative study | Assessment of the impact of HRT administration on the stroke risk | A higher stroke rate was reported in the oral HRT group | Oral HRT may increase the risk of stroke |
| Langrish et al. (236) |
in vivo human female |
Randomized controlled trial | Evaluation of HRT effects in women with POI | Better kidney function and lower blood pressure have been demonstrated for the physiological substitution of sex steroids | Physiological sex steroid substitution is a better option for young women with POI |
| Piedade et al. (237) |
in vivo human female |
Observational study (case report) | Analysis of the therapeutic regimen in women with POI | The patient became pregnant and gave birth to a healthy child | Actions should be taken to select the optimal treatment method |
| Pinelli et al. (238) |
in vivo human female |
Retrospective analysis | Analysis of estrogen treatment regimen in women with POI | FSH levels were lower and the number of collected and fertilized MII oocytes was higher | Estrogen treatment facilitates conception and improves IVF outcomes |
| Zhang et al. (239) |
in vivo human female |
Meta-analysis | Assessment of the impact of a low-carbohydrate diet on the clinical symptoms of PCOS | A low-carbohydrate diet helps to improve the outcomes of PCOS patients | Proper control of carbohydrate intake can alleviate the symptoms of PCOS |
| Glintborg et al. (240) |
in vivo human female |
Randomized controlled trial | Evaluation of the effects of metformin use in patients with PCOS | The use of metformin promotes weight loss and improves body composition | Treatment with metformin in combination with oral contraceptive pills is preferable to treatment with the pill alone |
| Takasaki et al. (241) |
in vivo human female |
Clinical experiment | Assessment of the effectiveness of modification of standard clomiphene treatment in patients resistant to this drug | About 80% of patients had positive results | Intermittent clomiphene treatment is a useful option in people who are resistant to this drug |
| Homburg et al. (242) |
in vivo human female |
Randomized controlled trial | Comparison of the effectiveness of clomiphene and FSH treatment in patients with PCOS | A higher percentage of pregnancies and live births after using FSH instead of clomiphene has been shown | FSH may be an appropriate first-line therapy for some women with PCOS |
| Waanbah et al. (243) |
in vivo human female |
Observational study (cohort study) | Comparison of the effectiveness of clomiphene and letrozole treatment in patients with PCOS | A higher percentage of pregnancies and healthy births was observed after treatment with letrozole | Letrozole is a better ovulation inducer than clomiphene in women with PCOS |
| Ganie et al. (244) |
in vivo human female |
Randomized controlled trial | Assessment of the effectiveness of spironolactone and metformin treatment in patients with PCOS | Combination treatment gave better results | A low dose of spironolactone and metformin may have beneficial effects in the treatment of PCOS |
| Glintborg et al. (245) |
in vivo human female |
Randomized controlled trial | Assessment of the effect of oral contraceptives and metformin on GLP-1 secretion in patients with PCOS | GLP-1 levels increased during treatment | The use of oral contraceptives and metformin affects the secretion of GLP-1 |
| Devin et al. (246) |
in vivo human female |
Randomized controlled trial | Assessment of the relationship between the levels of growth hormone and sitagliptin and its impact on visceral obesity in patients with PCOS | Sitagliptin lowered visceral fat levels and increased growth hormone half-life and pulse spacing | Sitagliptin may be useful in the treatment of PCOS in obese women |
| Javed et al. (247) |
in vivo human female |
Randomized controlled trial | Assessment of the effect of empagliflozin on the metabolic parameters of patients with PCOS | Anthropometric parameters and body composition improved after treatment with empagliflozin | Empagliflozin may be useful in the treatment of PCOS in obese women |
| Benito et al. (248) |
in vivo human female |
Observational study (cohort study) | Assessment of the fertility level in women with PCOS after bariatric surgery | Pregnancy and fertility rates were high after surgery and there were few maternal and neonatal complications | Bariatric surgery has a positive effect on pregnancy and fertility indicators |
| Toulis et al. (249) |
in vivo human female |
Meta-analysis | Risk assessment of gestational diabetes in women with PCOS | There is a possible risk of gestational diabetes in women with PCOS | PCOS may be a potential risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes |
| De Frène et al. (250) |
in vivo human female |
Comparative study | Assessment of the influence of overweight and PCOS on the risk of perinatal complications | Women with PCOS and who were overweight had an increased risk of perinatal complications | Weight loss before pregnancy can reduce the risk of perinatal complications |