Table 1.
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of PWID With BJI Between All-IV and Partial-Oral Treatment Groups
| All IV (n = 12) | Partial Oral (n = 74) | Overall (n = 86) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 50 (14) | 44 (21) | 44 (20) |
| Male sex at birth, No. (%) | 8 (67) | 45 (61) | 53 (62) |
| Race/ethnicitya | |||
| White, No. (%) | 8 (67) | 63 (86) | 71 (85) |
| Black, No. (%) | 3 (25) | 2 (3) | 5 (6) |
| Native American, No. (%) | 0 | 5 (7) | 5 (6) |
| Asian, No. (%) | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
| Multiple, No. (%) | 1 (8) | 3 (4) | 4 (5) |
| HIV infection at baseline, No. (%) | 1 (8) | 4 (5) | 5 (6) |
| Positive HCV antibody at baseline, No. (%) | 10 (83) | 54 (73) | 64 (74) |
| Injection-related infection in past year, No. (%) | 9 (75) | 32 (43) | 41 (48) |
| Homeless upon admission, No. (%) | 6 (50) | 38 (51) | 44 (51) |
| Substance(s) | |||
| Opioid only, No. (%) | 3 (25) | 30 (41) | 33 (38) |
| Opioid and stimulant, No. (%) | 8 (67) | 35 (47) | 43 (50) |
| Stimulant only, No. (%) | 1 (8) | 9 (12) | 10 (12) |
| Addiction service consultation, No. (%) | 9 (75) | 62 (84) | 71 (83) |
| MOUD during hospitalization, No. (%) | 10 (91) | 53 (83) | 63 (84) |
| Site(s) of bone or joint infection | |||
| Spine, No. (%) | 8 (67) | 42 (57) | 50 (58) |
| Foot, No. (%) | 0 | 8 (11) | 8 (9) |
| Other lower extremity, No. (%) | 3 (25) | 9 (12) | 12 (14) |
| Hand, No. (%) | 1 (8) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) |
| Other upper extremity, No. (%) | 1 (8) | 6 (8) | 7 (8) |
| Other sites, No. (%) | 1 (8) | 11 (15) | 12 (14) |
| Multiple sites, No. (%) | 2 (17) | 5 (7) | 7 (8) |
| Bacterial culture from infected site(s) | |||
| MRSA, No. (%) | 7 (58) | 25 (34) | 32 (37) |
| MSSA, No. (%) | 2 (17) | 33 (45) | 35 (41) |
| CoNS, No. (%) | 0 | 4 (5) | 4 (5) |
| GAS, No. (%) | 0 | 6 (8) | 6 (7) |
| Other Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Granuicatella, No. (%) | 1 (8) | 8 (11) | 9 (11) |
| Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, No. (%) | 0 | 3 (4) | 3 (3) |
| Gram negatives, No. (%) | 0 | 3 (4) | 3 (3) |
| Mixed infection, No. (%) | 0 | 12 (16) | 12 (14) |
| No culture result, No. (%) | 2 (17) | 5 (7) | 7 (8) |
| Bacteremia, No. (%) | 6 (50) | 22 (30) | 28 (33) |
| Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia without endocarditis, No. (%) | 3 (25) | 14 (19) | 17 (20) |
| Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis, No. (%) | 3 (25) | 6 (8) | 9 (10) |
| Surgery, No. (%) | 9 (75) | 59 (80) | 68 (79) |
| Retained hardware, No. (%) | 3 (33) | 29 (49) | 32 (47) |
| Dalbavancin use,b No. (%) | 5 (42) | 0 | 5 (6) |
Abbreviations: BJI, bone and joint infection; CoNS, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; GAS, group A Streptococcus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; IQR, interquartile range; IV, intravenous; MOUD, medication for opioid use disorder; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus; PWID, people who inject drugs.
a
Seven (8%) out of 86 patients identified as Hispanic.
b
Patients in the all-IV group received dalbavancin before discharge as the last part of IV antibiotics while hospitalized. No patient was discharged with indwelling venous catheter to unsupervised settings.