Table 4.

Hypothesis testing.

SR	Hypothesis	SE	Accepted/Rejected
1	CP → CCV	0.128	Accepted
2	CP → RES	0.298	Accepted
3	CCV → CW	0.148	Accepted
4	RES → CW	0.228	Accepted
5	CP → CW	0.171	Accepted

CP is customer participation, while CCV is customer value co-creation. RES is resilience and CW is customer wellbeing.