Table 5.

Mediation table.

Indirect path	Unstandardised estimate	Lower	Upper	Value of p	Standardised estimate
CP → CVC → CW	0.015	0.003	0.040	0.025	0.017*
CP → RES → CW	0.042	0.021	0.071	0.001	0.049***

CP is customer Participation, CVC is customer value co-creation, and RES is resilience.