Table 1.
Participant baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics stratified by urine LRG1 tertile
| Total (N = 1,837) | Tertile | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (n = 613) | 2 (n = 612) | 3 (n = 612) | ||
| Urine LRG1, ng/mL* | 78 (26–229) | 15 (7.0–26) | 78 (56–111) | 360 (229–698) |
| Index age, years | 57.2 ± 10.7 | 56.5 ± 10.2 | 57.1 ± 11.4 | 58.1 ± 10.5 |
| Male sex | 51.2 | 45.0 | 52.0 | 56.7 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Chinese | 51.4 | 50.9 | 49.7 | 53.8 |
| Malay | 21.7 | 18.9 | 23.5 | 22.5 |
| Asian Indian | 26.9 | 30.2 | 26.8 | 23.7 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 11.0 ± 8.9 | 9.9 ± 8.5 | 10.7 ± 8.8 | 12.5 ± 9.4 |
| Active smoker | 8.7 | 6.2 | 8.2 | 11.6 |
| CVD history | 7.7 | 5.7 | 7.4 | 10.1 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.7 ± 5.2 | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 27.4 ± 5.1 | 27.9 ± 5.4 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 8.1 ± 1.4 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 61.4 ± 14.4 | 58.2 ± 13.0 | 60.8 ± 14.0 | 65.3 ± 15.2 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | ||||
| Systolic | 140 ± 18 | 136 ± 17 | 137 ± 17 | 147 ± 19 |
| Diastolic | 79 ± 9 | 78 ± 9 | 78 ± 9 | 81 ± 9 |
| Lipid profile, mM | ||||
| HDL cholesterol | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 |
| LDL cholesterol | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.9 |
| Triacylglycerols | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) |
| Baseline renal function | ||||
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 89 ± 23 | 90 ± 21 | 89 ± 23 | 87 ± 24 |
| Urine ACR, μg/mg | 21 (6–82) | 10 (3–29) | 18 (6–53) | 70 (19–424) |
| Plasma LRG1, ng/mL | 15.6 (11.3–22.0) | 14.5 (10.6–19.8) | 15.5 (11.6–21.6) | 17.0 (12.0–24.0) |
| Medication use | ||||
| Insulin | 27.0 | 22.0 | 25.9 | 33.0 |
| RAS blocker | 59.9 | 53.1 | 56.0 | 70.6 |
Data are given as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or percentage.
RAS, renin-angiotensin system.
*
Urine LRG1 was normalized to 1 mmol/L urine creatinine concentration.