Figure 2.

Association of UPF consumption with difference between visits in the components of MetS: waist circumference (A), plasma glucose level (B), triglyceride levels (C), HDL cholesterol level (D), and systolic (E) and diastolic (F) blood pressures, as estimated through Poisson regression with robust variance using restricted cubic splines and adjusting for age, sex, center, race or color, income, school achievement, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, and energy intake (model 4). Dashed lines are point estimates of change along the spectrum of UPF consumption, and the stippled area indicates the 95% confidence zone. The accompanying histograms show the distribution of UPF consumption (percentage of study sample; right vertical axis).