Table 2.

Association of UPF consumption when expressed continuously (150 g/day) and categorically (quartiles) with MetS incidence (n = 8,065)

Models*	150 g/increment		Quartile 2†		Quartile 3†		Quartile 4†		P for trend
	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI	RR	95% CI
1	1.05	1.03–1.07	0.95	0.86–1.05	1.11	1.01–1.21	1.23	1.12–1.34	<0.0001
2	1.05	1.03–1.06	0.98	0.88–1.08	1.15	1.04–1.26	1.24	1.13–1.36	<0.0001
3	1.05	1.0–31.06	0.98	0.89–1.08	1.15	1.04–1.26	1.24	1.13–1.36	<0.0001
4	1.07	1.05–1.08	1.00	0.91–1.11	1.19	1.08–1.32	1.33	1.20–1.47	<0.0001
5	1.04	1.02–1.06	0.98	0.89–1.08	1.14	1.04–1.25	1.19	1.07–1.32	<0.0001
6a	1.04	1.02–1.06	0.98	0.89–1.08	1.14	1.03–1.25	1.18	1.06–1.32	0.0002
6b	1.04	1.02–1.06	0.98	0.89–1.08	1.14	1.04–1.26	1.20	1.07–1.33	<0.0001
6c	1.04	1.02–1.06	0.98	0.89–1.08	1.13	1.03–1.25	1.19	1.07–1.31	<0.0001

^*Models developed in Poisson regression with robust variance were 1) adjustment models, as follows: model 1: nonadjusted; model 2: model 1 plus age, sex, center, race or color, income, school achievement; model 3: model 2 plus smoking, physical activity, alcohol; model 4: model 3 plus energy intake; and model 5: model 4 plus BMI. 2) Additional models were: model 6a: model 5 plus saturated fat, sugar, fiber; model 6b: model 5 plus minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients; and model 6c: model 5 plus weight gain since baseline.

^†UPF quartiles: quartile 1, <234 g/day; quartile 2, between 234 g/day and 365 g/day; quartile 3, between 366 g/day and 552 g/day; and quartile 4, >552 g/day of UPF consumption. Results for quartiles 2–4 use the first quartile as the reference.