Fig. 5.

Composition of the colonic microbiota metabolites in FMT-treated mice. A Venn based on the microbiota metabolites. B β-diversity of principal component analysis (PCA). C Orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot was performed on colon. D In the permutation validation plot the Y-axis intercepts of R2 and Q2 are 0.587 and 0.273, respectively, indicating that the model is valid. E Volcano plot based on the differential metabolite screening compared with the CON-FMT and SD-FMT groups. F volcano plot based on the differential metabolite screening compared with the CON-FMT and SD + Mel-FMT groups. G volcano plot based on the differential metabolite screening compared with the SD-FMT and SD-FMT groups. H The relative abundance of butyric acid. I The relative abundance of L-Tryptophan. J Heatmap showing the relative abundance of the key identified 41 metabolites (p < 0.05, VIP > 1). CON-FMT: receiving control microbiota FMT mice, SD-FMT: receiving sleep deprivation microbiota FMT mice, SD + Mel-FMT: receiving SD + Mel (20 mg/kg) microbiota FMT mice. The data represent the mean ± SEM, p < 0.05 was set as the threshold for significance by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc comparisons using Tukey’s test for multiple groups’ comparisons, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001