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. 2023 Jan 10;89(1):e01753-22. doi: 10.1128/aem.01753-22

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Copyright © 2023 Yayo et al.

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FIG 1 — Cofactor usage of C. thermocellum in (A) the PEP-to-pyruvate conversion, either via the redox-independent PPDK or via the NADPH-producing malate shunt, (B) the NADH-dependent NFN reaction, (C) a summarized HYD reaction, (D) the low-affinity GDH reaction, and (E) the high-affinity GS-GOGAT cycle. EMP, Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; PPDK, pyruvate phosphate dikinase; PEPCK, PEP carboxykinase; MDH, malate dehydrogenase; MalE, malic enzyme; NFN, NADH-dependent reduced ferredoxin:NADP⁺ oxidoreductase; HYD, hydrogenase; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; GS, glutamine synthetase; GOGAT, glutamate synthase.