TABLE 5.
Clinical characteristics of patients and risk factors associated with oral isolates by susceptibility to disinfectants (concentration of use in the oral cavity)a
| Variable | PVPI |
CPC |
BZK |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of subjectsb |
Univariate analysis |
P valuec | No. (%) of subjectsb |
Univariate analysis |
P valuec | No. (%) of subjectsb |
Univariate analysis |
P valuec | |||||||
| Group 1 (n = 18) | Group 2 (n = 12) | OR | 95% CI | Group 1 (n = 6) | Group 2 (n = 24) | OR | 95% CI | Group 1 (n = 3) | Group 2 (n = 27) | OR | 95% CI | ||||
| Age of ≥90 yrs | 10 (55.6) | 3 (25.0) | 3.75 | 0.75–18.6 | 0.14 | 3 (50.0) | 10 (41.7) | 1.4 | 0.23–8.42 | 1.00 | 2 (66.7) | 11 (40.7) | 2.91 | 0.23–36.2 | 0.56 |
| Male sex | 3 (16.7) | 2 (16.7) | 1.00 | 0.14–7.10 | 1.00 (0.76)d | 1 (16.7) | 4 (16.7) | 1.00 | 0.09–11.0 | 1.00 (0.66)d | 0 (0.0) | 5 (18.5) | 0 | 1.00 | |
| PS score = 4 | 15 (83.3) | 11 (91.7) | 0.45 | 0.04–4.98 | 0.63 | 6 (100.0) | 20 (83.3) | 0.56 | 3 (100.0) | 23 (85.2) | 1.00 | ||||
| With remaining teeth | 15 (83.3) | 8 (66.7) | 2.50 | 0.45–14.0 | 0.39 | 5 (83.3) | 18 (75.0) | 1.67 | 0.16–17.3 | 1.00 | 2 (66.7) | 21 (77.8) | 0.57 | 0.04–7.44 | 1.00 |
| OHAT-J score | |||||||||||||||
| Lip score = 1 | 6 (33.3) | 2 (16.7) | 2.5 | 0.41–15.2 | 0.42 | 3 (50.0) | 5 (20.8) | 3.8 | 0.58–24.9 | 0.3 | 1 (33.3) | 7 (25.9) | 1.43 | 0.11–18.3 | 1.00 |
| Tongue score = 1 or 2 | 6 (33.3) | 4 (33.3) | 1.00 | 0.21–4.71 | 1.00 | 1 (16.7) | 9 (37.5) | 0.33 | 0.03–3.33 | 0.63 | 0 (0.0) | 10 (37.0) | 0.53 | ||
| Gum and mucosa score = 1 or 2 | 6 (33.3) | 3 (25.0) | 1.5 | 0.29–7.68 | 0.70 | 2 (33.3) | 7 (29.2) | 1.21 | 0.18–8.22 | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 9 (33.3) | 0.53 | ||
| Saliva score = 1 or 2 | 10 (55.6) | 3 (25.0) | 3.75 | 0.75–18.6 | 0.14 | 3 (50.0) | 10 (41.7) | 1.4 | 0.23–8.42 | 1.00 | 1 (33.3) | 12 (44.4) | 0.63 | 0.05–7.75 | 1.00 |
| Natural teeth score = 1 or 2 | 8 (44.4) | 3 (25.0) | 2.4 | 0.48–11.9 | 0.44 | 2 (33.3) | 9 (37.5) | 0.83 | 0.13–5.50 | 1.00 | 1 (33.3) | 10 (37.0) | 0.85 | 0.07–10.6 | 1.00 |
| Denture score = 1 | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | 1.00 | ||||||
| Oral cleanliness score = 1 or 2 | 7 (38.9) | 4 (33.3) | 1.27 | 0.28–5.87 | 1.00 | 1 (16.7) | 10 (41.7) | 0.28 | 0.03–2.78 | 0.37 | 0 (0.0) | 11 (40.7) | 0.28 | ||
| Tooth pain score = 1 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 0.40 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.7) | 1.00 | ||||||
| Situation before admission | |||||||||||||||
| From home | 3 (16.7) | 1 (8.3) | 2.20 | 0.20–24.1 | 0.63 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (16.7) | 0 | 0.56 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | 1.00 | ||
| From another hospital | 6 (33.3) | 1 (8.3) | 5.5 | 0.57–53.2 | 0.19 | 3 (50.0) | 4 (16.7) | 5.00 | 0.73–34.3 | 0.12 | 1 (33.3) | 6 (22.2) | 1.26 | 0.12–13.6 | 1.00 |
| From affiliated hospital | 4 (22.2) | 3 (25.0) | 0.86 | 0.15–4.76 | 1.00 | 1 (16.7) | 6 (25.0) | 0.6 | 0.06–6.21 | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 7 (25.9) | 0 | 1.00 | |
| From another facility | 5 (27.8) | 5 (41.7) | 0.54 | 0.12–2.52 | 0.46 | 1 (16.7) | 9 (37.5) | 0.33 | 0.03–3.33 | 0.63 | 1 (33.3) | 9 (33.3) | 1.00 | 0.08–12.6 | 1.00 |
| History of medical visits within 1 mo | 1 (5.6) | 2 (16.7) | 0.29 | 0.02–3.67 | 0.55 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (12.5) | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.1) | 1.00 | ||||
| Prior use of antibiotics within 6 mo | 3 (16.7) | 7 (58.3) | 0.14 | 0.03–0.77 | 0.045* (0.024*)d | 2 (33.3) | 8 (33.3) | 1.00 | 0.15–6.67 | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 10 (37.0) | 0 | 0.53 | |
| Tube feeding | 7 (38.9) | 3 (25.0) | 1.91 | 0.38–9.59 | 0.69 | 5 (83.3) | 5 (20.8) | 19 | 1.79–201 | 0.0088** (0.015*)d | 2 (66.7) | 8 (29.6) | 4.75 | 0.38–60.1 | 0.25 |
| Nasogastric tube | 3 (16.7) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (33.3) | 2 (8.3) | 1 (33.3) | 3 (11.1) | |||||||||
| Gastrostomy and enterostomy | 4 (22.2) | 2 (16.7) | 3 (50.0) | 3 (12.5) | 1 (33.3) | 5 (18.5) | |||||||||
| Presence of comorbidities | |||||||||||||||
| Strokes | 9 (50.0) | 5 (41.7) | 1.40 | 0.32–6.11 | 0.72 | 5 (83.3) | 9 (37.5) | 8.33 | 0.84–83.2 | 0.07 | 2 (66.7) | 12 (44.4) | 2.5 | 0.20–31.0 | 0.59 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 7 (38.9) | 4 (33.3) | 1.27 | 0.28–5.87 | 1.00 | 4 (66.7) | 7 (29.2) | 4.86 | 0.72–32.9 | 0.16 | 2 (66.7) | 9 (33.3) | 4.00 | 0.32–50.2 | 0.54 |
| Diabetes | 3 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 0.26 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (12.5) | 0 | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.1) | 0 | 1.00 | ||||
| Tumor bearing | 2 (11.1) | 2 (16.7) | 0.63 | 0.08–5.17 | 1.00 | 1 (16.7) | 3 (12.5) | 1.4 | 0.12–16.5 | 1.00 | 0 (0.0) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | 1.00 | |
a
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. *, P value of ≤0.05; **, P value of ≤0.01.
b
Group 1, subjects with oral isolates that showed resistance or intermediate resistance; group 2, subjects without oral isolates that showed resistance or intermediate resistance.
c
By Fisher’s exact test.
d
By multiple logistic regression analysis.