Skip to main content
. 2023 Jan 29;15(1):2165368. doi: 10.1080/19382014.2023.2165368

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Induction and reversal of glucose induced β-cell dysfunction and reduced viability. (A) Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS1E cells cultured in 20 mM glucose (high glucose) for 0, 24 or 48 h. N = 4 independent experiments. (B) Treatment protocol, INS1E cells cultured in 11.1 mM glucose for 72 h (normal glucose, NG), 20 mM glucose for 72 h (high glucose, HG) or 20 mM glucose for an initial 24 h and then 20 mM glucose plus drugs (250 μM metformin, 50 nM exendin-4 and 250 μM sodium salicylate) for 48 h (HG + drugs) with drugs refreshed after 24 h. (C) Change in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and (D) change in apoptosis (caspase-3/7 activity) from NG, bars show average + SEM with individual experiments shown in gray lines. N = 20 independent experiments.