Memory retrieval contrast. A–D, Comparison of successful retrieval events and matched deliberation periods, events that we treat as “failed recall.” Power at logarithmically spaced frequencies were computed for the 750 ms preceding recall vocalization. Values represent fixed-effect coefficients for the effect of successful recall on spectral power. A red asterisk indicates that the effect size is significant after correcting for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Subplots show wavelet power (A), IRASA mixed power (B), IRASA fractal power (C), and IRASA oscillatory power (D).