Knockdown of circular cdr1as downregulates expression of anti-inflammatory macrophage markers in naïve macrophages or anti-inflammatory macrophages stimulated with anti-inflammatory cytokines. (A, C) FACS analysis of F4/80 + CD86 + CD206− cells in naïve (A) or anti-inflammatory (C) macrophages treated with lentiviral shRNA cdr1as compared to lentivirus scrambled control, normalized to 18S. (B, D) qRT-qPCR analysis of transcriptional changes of cytokines and macrophage markers in naïve (B) or anti-inflammatory (D) macrophages compared to lentivirus scrambled control, normalized to 18S. n = 3–4. Data are Mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns (non-significant) vs control (unpaired two tail t-test). CHI3I3, chitinase-3-like protein 1; Arg-1, arginase 1; IL-10, Interleukin 10; TGFb-Tumor grow factor-b.