Fig. 3.

Compared to baseline walking, toeing-in with a more medialized frontal-plane tibia angle (a), a more valgus knee abduction (abd.) angle (b), an elevated swing-side pelvis (i.e., more negative pelvic list angle), c), and a more medialized center of pressure (COP) in the foot frame (d) were associated with greater reductions in the first knee adduction moment peak (Table 3). Changes in kinematic timeseries from baseline to 10° toe-in are shown for individuals above the 90th percentile of KAM reduction (KAM reducers, blue) and for individuals below the 10th percentile of KAM reduction (KAM non-reducers, red). To generate scalar inputs for the linear model (Table 3), we selected the timeseries values at the time of the first KAM peak (P1KAM).