Table 2.

Likert scale results of the model content validity

	Mean ± SD
The operation of the model was similarity with actual case.	3.83 ± 0.41
The model was easy to handle.	4.50 ± 0.55
The model was reasonable for LCJ training.	4.67 ± 0.52
The model could shorten learning curve and improve trainee’s skills.	4.83 ± 0.41
The model training reduced the risk for patients.	4.50 ± 0.55
The model could improve interest during training.	4.33 ± 0.52
The model could increase operative confidence.	4.33 ± 0.52
I recommend that the model be used in LCJ training.	4.83 ± 0.41

Data are expressed as mean ± standard variation