TABLE 2.
Clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of M/ME in the different etiological groups.
| All (194) | Fungi (49) | Viruses (48) | Bacteria (49) | Parasites (7) | Non-infectious (17) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N (%) or median [IQR] | n/N (%) or median [IQR] | n/N (%) or median [IQR] | n/N (%) or median [IQR] | n/N (%] or median [IQR] | n/N [%] or median [IQR] | ||
| Fever | 146/193 (75.6) | 41/48 (85.4) | 31/43 (72.1) | 43/49 (87.8) | 2/7 (26.6) | 9/17 (52.9) | 0.0006 |
| Headaches | 151/192 (78.7) | 46/48 (95.8) | 32/43 (74.4) | 39/49 (79.6) | 3/7 (42.8) | 14/17 (82.4) | 0.009 |
| Neck stiffness | 73/193 (37.8) | 23/48 (47.9) | 10/43 (23.3) | 11/49 (22.5) | 1/7 (14.3) | 6/17 (42.9) | 0.03 |
| Clinical encephalitis | 94/193 (47.5) | 26/48 (54) | 26/43 (60.4) | 35/49 (71.4) | 3/7 (42.8) | 4/17 (23) | 0.01 |
| Seizures | 31/193 (16.0) | 6/48 (12.5) | 4/43 (9.3) | 11/49 (22.4) | 0/7 (0) | 2/17 (11.8) | <0.0001 |
| Abnormal EEG | 12/90 (42.9) | 6/16 (37.5) | 16/23 (69.6) | 14/20 (70) | 3/4 (75) | 4/6 (66.6) | 0.23 |
| Extra-CNS involvement | 98/194 (53.3) | 27/49 (55.1) | 26/43 (60.5) | 30/49 (61.2) | 2 (26.6) | 7/17 (41.2) | 0.16 |
| Last total lymphocyte count, elts/mm3 | 880 [500–1,387] | 690 [430–1,100] | 1,199 [700–1,400] | 880 [500–1,450] | 750 [380–880] | 1,360 [404–1,520] | 0.08 |
| Last CD4+ count, elts/mm3 | 234 [95–529] | 158 [90–317] | 278 [147–539] | 225 [77–459] | 448 [251–762] | 527 [228–782] | 0.02 |
| Leucocyte count at admission, ×1,000 elts/mm3 | 7.0 [3.9–10.0] | 6.3 [3.6–9.7] | 7.0 [4.6–102.5] | 8.6 [6.0–14.8] | 7.0 [4.0–7.6] | 5.0 [3.0–7.1] | 0.01 |
| CRP at admission, mg/L | 15.6 [5.0–82.0] | 21 [5.0–80.5] | 6.5 [2.5–27.8] | 113 [56–209] | 3.5 [3.0–7.0] | 7 [5.0–17.5] | <0.0001 |
| CSF cell count, elts/mm3 | 53 [16–220] | 45 [12–171] | 6.5 [12–129] | 113 [32–759] | 11 [10–20] | 84 [30–305] | 0.0006 |
| Lymphocytic | 113 (60.1) | 20 (45.5) | 38 (90.5) | 19 (39.6) | 6 (85.7) | 10 (58.8) | |
| Neutrophilic | 57 (30.6) | 19 (43.2) | 3 (7.1) | 26 (54.2) | 0 0) | 5 (29.4) | <0.001 |
| Mixed | 16 (8.1) | 5 (11.3) | 1 (2.3) | 3 (6.1) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (11.8) | |
| CSF proteins, g/L | 0.9 [0.6–1.8] | 0.1 [10.6–2.0] | 1.6 [0.5–1.4] | 2.3 [0.7–3.5] | 0.7 [0.4–1.1] | 0.8 [0.5–1.0] | 0.04 |
| CSF blood/glucose ratio | 0.5 [0.4–0.6] | 0.5 [0.3–0.6] | 0.6 [0.5–0.6] | 0.4 [0.3–0.5] | 0,7 [0.4–1.1] | 0.5 [0.5–0.7] | 0.0003 |
| Abnormal findings on CT-scan | 38/153 (25.2) | 13/43 (30.2) | 1/27 (3.7) | 12/37 (32.4) | 6/7 (85.7) | 3/13 (23.1) | 0.0005 |
| Abnormal findings on MRI | 93/151 (62.8) | 26/40 (65.0) | 20/34 (58.8) | 22/32 (68.8) | 7/7 (100) | 8/13 (61.5) | 0.8 |
EEG, electroencephalography; CRP, C-reactive protein; CSF, cerebro-spinal fluid; CT-Scan, computed tomography scanner; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.