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. 2023 Jan 18;36:10765. doi: 10.3389/ti.2023.10765

TABLE 2.

Clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of M/ME in the different etiological groups.

All (194) Fungi (49) Viruses (48) Bacteria (49) Parasites (7) Non-infectious (17) p
n/N (%) or median [IQR] n/N (%) or median [IQR] n/N (%) or median [IQR] n/N (%) or median [IQR] n/N (%] or median [IQR] n/N [%] or median [IQR]
Fever 146/193 (75.6) 41/48 (85.4) 31/43 (72.1) 43/49 (87.8) 2/7 (26.6) 9/17 (52.9) 0.0006
Headaches 151/192 (78.7) 46/48 (95.8) 32/43 (74.4) 39/49 (79.6) 3/7 (42.8) 14/17 (82.4) 0.009
Neck stiffness 73/193 (37.8) 23/48 (47.9) 10/43 (23.3) 11/49 (22.5) 1/7 (14.3) 6/17 (42.9) 0.03
Clinical encephalitis 94/193 (47.5) 26/48 (54) 26/43 (60.4) 35/49 (71.4) 3/7 (42.8) 4/17 (23) 0.01
Seizures 31/193 (16.0) 6/48 (12.5) 4/43 (9.3) 11/49 (22.4) 0/7 (0) 2/17 (11.8) <0.0001
Abnormal EEG 12/90 (42.9) 6/16 (37.5) 16/23 (69.6) 14/20 (70) 3/4 (75) 4/6 (66.6) 0.23
Extra-CNS involvement 98/194 (53.3) 27/49 (55.1) 26/43 (60.5) 30/49 (61.2) 2 (26.6) 7/17 (41.2) 0.16
Last total lymphocyte count, elts/mm3 880 [500–1,387] 690 [430–1,100] 1,199 [700–1,400] 880 [500–1,450] 750 [380–880] 1,360 [404–1,520] 0.08
Last CD4+ count, elts/mm3 234 [95–529] 158 [90–317] 278 [147–539] 225 [77–459] 448 [251–762] 527 [228–782] 0.02
Leucocyte count at admission, ×1,000 elts/mm3 7.0 [3.9–10.0] 6.3 [3.6–9.7] 7.0 [4.6–102.5] 8.6 [6.0–14.8] 7.0 [4.0–7.6] 5.0 [3.0–7.1] 0.01
CRP at admission, mg/L 15.6 [5.0–82.0] 21 [5.0–80.5] 6.5 [2.5–27.8] 113 [56–209] 3.5 [3.0–7.0] 7 [5.0–17.5] <0.0001
CSF cell count, elts/mm3 53 [16–220] 45 [12–171] 6.5 [12–129] 113 [32–759] 11 [10–20] 84 [30–305] 0.0006
Lymphocytic 113 (60.1) 20 (45.5) 38 (90.5) 19 (39.6) 6 (85.7) 10 (58.8)
Neutrophilic 57 (30.6) 19 (43.2) 3 (7.1) 26 (54.2) 0 0) 5 (29.4) <0.001
Mixed 16 (8.1) 5 (11.3) 1 (2.3) 3 (6.1) 1 (14.3) 2 (11.8)
CSF proteins, g/L 0.9 [0.6–1.8] 0.1 [10.6–2.0] 1.6 [0.5–1.4] 2.3 [0.7–3.5] 0.7 [0.4–1.1] 0.8 [0.5–1.0] 0.04
CSF blood/glucose ratio 0.5 [0.4–0.6] 0.5 [0.3–0.6] 0.6 [0.5–0.6] 0.4 [0.3–0.5] 0,7 [0.4–1.1] 0.5 [0.5–0.7] 0.0003
Abnormal findings on CT-scan 38/153 (25.2) 13/43 (30.2) 1/27 (3.7) 12/37 (32.4) 6/7 (85.7) 3/13 (23.1) 0.0005
Abnormal findings on MRI 93/151 (62.8) 26/40 (65.0) 20/34 (58.8) 22/32 (68.8) 7/7 (100) 8/13 (61.5) 0.8

EEG, electroencephalography; CRP, C-reactive protein; CSF, cerebro-spinal fluid; CT-Scan, computed tomography scanner; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.