Table 1.
Characteristic | Total (n = 780,785) | Candesartan (n = 58,892) | Fimasartan (n = 21,041) | Irbesartan (n = 37,170) | Losartan (n = 298,461) | Olmesartan (n = 100,348) | Telmisartan (n = 125,730) | Valsartan (n = 139,143) | p value | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), median (Q1, Q3) | 59.0 (52.0, 67.0) | 60.0 (53.0, 68.0) | 57.0 (50.0, 65.0) | 60.0 (54.0, 68.0) | 60.0 (54.0, 68.0) | 58.0 (52.0, 66.0) | 58.0 (52.0, 66.0) | 58.0 (52.0, 66.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
Sex | <0.001* | ||||||||||||||||
Male, n (%) | 442,694 | 56.7 | 32,448 | 55.1 | 11,819 | 56.2 | 20,220 | 54.4 | 160,732 | 53.9 | 58,953 | 58.8 | 76,198 | 60.6 | 82,324 | 59.2 | |
Female, n (%) | 338,091 | 43.3 | 26,444 | 44.9 | 9,222 | 43.8 | 16,950 | 45.6 | 137,729 | 46.2 | 41,395 | 41.3 | 49,532 | 39.4 | 56,819 | 40.8 | |
BMI (kg/m²), median (Q1, Q3) | 25.2 (23.2, 27.3) | 25.1 (23.2, 27.1) | 25.1 (23.2, 27.2) | 25.1 (23.2, 27.1) | 25.0 (23.1, 27.1) | 25.4 (23.5, 27.5) | 25.3 (23.4, 27.4) | 25.2 (23.3, 27.4) | <0.001a | ||||||||
SBP (mmHg), median (Q1, Q3) | 130.0 (120.0, 138.0) | 129.0 (120.0, 137.0) | 128.0 (119.0, 136.0) | 130.0 (120.0, 138.0) | 130.0 (120.0, 139.0) | 128.0 (120.0, 136.0) | 129.0 (120.0, 137.0) | 130.0 (120.0, 139.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
DBP (mmHg), median (Q1, Q3) | 80.0 (72.0, 85.0) | 80.0 (70.0, 84.0) | 80.0 (71.0, 85.0) | 80.0 (71.0, 85.0) | 80.0 (72.0, 85.0) | 80.0 (70.0, 84.0) | 80.0 (71.0, 85.0) | 80.0 (73.0, 86.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
Diabetes (yes), n (%) | 190,528 | 24.4 | 16,370 | 27.8 | 4,435 | 21.1 | 11,532 | 31.0 | 71,122 | 23.8 | 23,475 | 23.4 | 29,727 | 23.6 | 33,867 | 24.3 | <0.001* |
Dyslipidemia (Yes), n (%) | 398,485 | 38.2 | 26,728 | 45.4 | 8,608 | 40.9 | 16,616 | 44.7 | 105,665 | 35.4 | 36,678 | 36.6 | 47,678 | 37.9 | 56,512 | 40.6 | <0.001* |
Smoke (yes), n (%) | 143,226 | 18.3 | 9,701 | 16.5 | 3,946 | 18.8 | 5,828 | 15.7 | 51,707 | 17.3 | 19,598 | 19.5 | 24,918 | 19.8 | 27,528 | 19.8 | <0.001* |
Drink (yes), n (%) | 233,103 | 29.9 | 15,814 | 26.9 | 6,370 | 30.3 | 9,860 | 26.5 | 83,784 | 28.1 | 32,402 | 32.3 | 40,831 | 32.5 | 44,042 | 31.7 | <0.001* |
Physical activity (yes), n (%) | 287,360 | 36.8 | 21,311 | 36.2 | 7,852 | 37.3 | 13,193 | 35.5 | 111,244 | 37.3 | 36,712 | 36.6 | 45,923 | 36.5 | 51,125 | 36.7 | <0.001* |
Income quartiles | <0.001* | ||||||||||||||||
Lowest, n (%) | 158,555 | 20.3 | 11,338 | 19.3 | 4,335 | 20.6 | 7,182 | 19.3 | 63,322 | 21.2 | 20,103 | 20.0 | 24,845 | 19.8 | 27,430 | 19.7 | |
Second, n (%) | 141,405 | 18.1 | 9,910 | 16.8 | 3,883 | 18.5 | 6,184 | 16.6 | 55,782 | 18.7 | 18,126 | 18.1 | 22,701 | 18.1 | 24,819 | 17.8 | |
Third, n (%) | 185,401 | 23.8 | 13,419 | 22.8 | 5,100 | 24.2 | 8,501 | 22.9 | 71,642 | 24.0 | 23,985 | 23.9 | 29,478 | 23.5 | 33,276 | 23.9 | |
Highest, n (%) | 295,424 | 37.8 | 24,225 | 41.1 | 7,723 | 36.7 | 15,303 | 41.2 | 107,715 | 36.1 | 38,134 | 38.0 | 48,706 | 38.7 | 53,618 | 38.5 | |
FBS (mg/dl), median (Q1, Q3) | 101.0 (92.0, 116.0) | 102.0 (92.0, 116.0) | 100.0 (91.0, 113.0) | 102.0 (93.0, 119.0) | 101.0 (92.0, 116.0) | 102.0 (92.0, 116.0) | 102.0 (93.0, 116.0) | 101.0 (92.0, 116.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
Total cholesterol (mg/dl), median (Q1, Q3) | 186.0 (163.0, 212.0) | 182.0 (158.0, 208.0) | 186.0 (163.0, 211.0) | 182.0 (158.0, 207.0) | 187.0 (164.0, 212.0) | 188.0 (164.0, 214.0) | 188.0 (164.0, 213.0) | 185.0 (161.0, 211.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
HDL (mg/dl), median (Q1, Q3) | 50.0 (43.0, 60.0) | 50.0 (43.0, 60.0) | 51.0 (43.0, 60.0) | 50.0 (42.0, 59.0) | 51.0 (43.0, 60.0) | 50.0 (43.0, 59.0) | 50.0 (42.0, 59.0) | 50.0 (43.0, 60.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
LDL (mg/dl), median (Q1, Q3) | 106.0 (84.0, 129.0) | 102.0 (80.0, 126.0) | 105.0 (83.0, 128.0) | 102.0 (81.0, 125.0) | 106.0 (85.0, 130.0) | 107.0 (84.0, 131.0) | 107.0 (84.0, 131.0) | 104.0 (82.0, 128.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
TG (mg/dl), median (Q1, Q3) | 124.0 (88.0, 179.0) | 122.0 (87.0, 174.0) | 123.0 (87.0, 178.0) | 121.0 (86.0, 173.0) | 124.0 (88.0, 177.0) | 128.0 (90.0, 184.0) | 125.0 (89.0, 180.0) | 125.0 (88.0, 180.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
GFR (ml/min), median (Q1, Q3) | 81.0 (70.0, 94.0) | 81.0 (69.0, 94.0) | 82.0 (71.0, 96.0) | 80.0 (68.0, 93.0) | 81.0 (69.0, 93.0) | 81.0 (70.0, 94.0) | 82.0 (71.0, 96.0) | 82.0 (71.0, 95.0) | <0.001a | ||||||||
Proteinuria | <0.001* | ||||||||||||||||
Negative (−), n (%) | 725,690 | 92.9 | 54,556 | 92.6 | 19,946 | 94.8 | 33,643 | 90.5 | 278,075 | 93.2 | 93,991 | 93.7 | 117,165 | 93.2 | 128,314 | 92.2 | |
Trace (±), n (%) | 23,719 | 3.0 | 1880 | 3.2 | 520 | 2.5 | 1312 | 3.5 | 8901 | 3.0 | 2859 | 2.9 | 3707 | 3.0 | 4540 | 3.3 | |
Positive (+1), n (%) | 18,836 | 2.4 | 1,448 | 2.5 | 366 | 1.7 | 1182 | 3.2 | 7136 | 2.4 | 2148 | 2.1 | 2848 | 2.3 | 3708 | 2.7 | |
Positive (+2), n (%) | 9162 | 1.2 | 744 | 1.3 | 162 | 0.8 | 705 | 1.9 | 3251 | 1.1 | 967 | 1.0 | 1455 | 1.2 | 1878 | 1.4 | |
Positive (+3), n (%) | 2783 | 0.36 | 219 | 0.37 | 39 | 0.19 | 263 | 0.71 | 908 | 0.30 | 322 | 0.32 | 462 | 0.37 | 570 | 0.41 | |
Positive (+4), n (%) | 595 | 0.08 | 45 | 0.08 | 8 | 0.04 | 65 | 0.17 | 190 | 0.06 | 61 | 0.06 | 93 | 0.07 | 133 | 0.10 | |
Calcium channel blockers (yes), n (%) | 175,253 | 22.5 | 16,224 | 27.6 | 4219 | 20.1 | 11,023 | 29.7 | 80,508 | 27.0 | 18,771 | 18.7 | 18,162 | 14.5 | 26,346 | 18.9 | <0.001* |
Beta‐blockers (yes), n (%) | 68,705 | 8.8 | 6245 | 10.6 | 1288 | 6.1 | 3904 | 10.5 | 24,380 | 8.2 | 8044 | 8.0 | 10,233 | 8.1 | 14,611 | 10.5 | <0.001* |
ACEIs (yes), n (%) | 4060 | 0.52 | 341 | 0.58 | 142 | 0.67 | 237 | 0.64 | 1280 | 0.43 | 474 | 0.47 | 592 | 0.47 | 994 | 0.71 | <0.001* |
Diuretics (yes), n (%) | 47,779 | 6.1 | 3302 | 5.6 | 1485 | 7.1 | 2046 | 5.5 | 17,074 | 5.7 | 5616 | 5.6 | 8070 | 6.4 | 10,186 | 7.3 | <0.001* |
Antithrombotic agents (yes), n (%) | 204,531 | 26.2 | 16,825 | 28.6 | 4,270 | 20.3 | 11,593 | 31.2 | 78,708 | 26.4 | 26,611 | 26.5 | 30,908 | 24.6 | 35,616 | 25.6 | <0.001* |
Statins (yes), n (%) | 239,239 | 30.6 | 22,323 | 37.9 | 6725 | 32.0 | 13,422 | 36.1 | 84,854 | 28.4 | 28,848 | 28.8 | 37,632 | 29.9 | 45,435 | 32.7 | <0.001* |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride.
p value was obtained using χ 2 test.
p value was obtained using the Kruskal–Wallis test.