Table 2.
Changes in clinical outcomes
| Baseline (n = 27) |
After 12 weeks (n = 27) |
Change from baseline |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean | SD | mean | SD | mean | adjusted p value | |
| Weight, kg | 97.3 | 13.1 | 91.4 | 12.0 | –5.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 34.3 | 4.5 | 32.2 | 4.1 | –2.1 | <0.001 |
| Body fat, % | 40.2 | 8.3 | 37.2 | 8.6 | –3 | <0.001 |
| Body fat mass, kg | 39.4 | 10.5 | 34.2 | 9.7 | –5.2 | <0.001 |
| Skeletal muscle mass, kg | 32.5 | 6.0 | 32.0 | 5.9 | –0.5 | 0.001 |
| Visceral fat area, cm2 | 187.6 | 51.5 | 163.6 | 50.1 | –24.0 | <0.001 |
| Circumference, cm | 114.4 | 10.9 | 108.1 | 10.4 | –6.3 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 127.8 | 11.3 | 122.7 | 13.0 | –5.1 | 0.044 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 80.0 | 11.3 | 78.8 | 11.9 | –1.2 | 0.48 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 43.7 | 4.0 | 40.6 | 3.0 | –3.1 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.1 | 0.4 | 5.9 | 0.3 | –0.2 | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 5.3 | 0.6 | 5.1 | 0.6 | –0.2 | 0.212 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.8 | –0.4 | 0.006 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.2 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.2 | –0.1 | 0.086 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.2 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 0.9 | –0.2 | 0.228 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.1 | 1.0 | 4.8 | 1.0 | –0.3 | 0.151 |
| CRP, nmol/L | 61.6 | 60.6 | 91.1 | 166.1 | 29.5 | 0.25 |
| ALP, µkat/L | 1.2 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 0.3 | –0.1 | 0.005 |
| AST, µkat/L | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.159 |
| ALT, µkat/L | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | –0.1 | 0.159 |
| GGT, µkat/L | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | –0.1 | 0.142 |
Multiple t tests were performed for baseline measurements versus after 12-week measurements. Adjusted p value, according to the multiple comparison correction using the Holm-Sidak method. CRP, C-reactive protein; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine amino transferase; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase.