Table 1.
Characteristics of the studies used to investigate the effect of anthocyanins on the Fir/Bac ratio.
| S.no. | Animal | Age [weeks] | Model type | Source | Intervention compound | Dose | Intervention duration [weeks] | References | Doi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Male C57BL/6 J mice | 7–9 | High fat diet | Roselle | Flower water extract [Phenolic extract] | 1 mg/kg body weight [L] | 6 | 43 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108722 |
| 10, mg/kg body weight [M] | |||||||||
| 25 mg/kg body weight [H] | |||||||||
| 2 | Male C57BL/6Cnc mice | 4 | Highfat, highfructose diet | Grape | Fruit ethanol extract [Phenolic extract] | 405 mg/kg body weight | 12 | 44 | https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202000149 |
| 3 | Male C57BL/6 J mice | 4 | High fat diet | Russian box thorn | Fruit based commercial powder [Anthocyanins] | 50 mg/kg body weight [L] | 12 | 24 | https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202000745 |
| 100 mg/kg body weight [M] | |||||||||
| 200 mg/kg body weight [H] | |||||||||
| 4 | Male Wistar rats | NA | High fat diet | Blackberry | Fruit acidified ethanol extract [Anthocyanins] | 25 mg/kg body weight | 17 | 45 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-29744-5 |
| 5 | Male C57BL/6 mice | 6 | High fat diet | Blueberry | Fruit fermented juice | 4 ml/kg | 17 | 46 | https://doi.org/10.1039/D0FO00334D |
| 6 | Male C57BL/6JbomTac mice | 6 | High fat diet | Lingonberries | Fruit freeze dried | 22725 mg/kg body weight | 11 | 47 | https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.29993 |
| Phenolic compound | 138.6 mg/kg body weight | ||||||||
| 7 | Male C57BL/6 J mice | 6 | High fat, high sucrose diet | Blueberries | Fruit hydro-ethanolic extract [Fraction rich in anthocyanin and phenolic acids] | 32 mg/kg body weight [L] | 8 | 48 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58863-1 |
| Fraction rich in oligomeric PACs, phenolic acids and flavonols | 53 mg/kg body weight [H] | ||||||||
| Fraction rich in polymeric PACs | 37 mg/kg body weight [M] | ||||||||
| 8 | Male C57BL/6 J | 6 | High fat diet | Tea [Purple-leaf] | Leaves dried | 1137 mg/kg body weight [L] | 10 | 49 | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03171-4 |
| 3409 mg/kg body weight[H] | |||||||||
| Phenolic compounds | 12.6 [L], 37.8[H] mg/kg body weight | ||||||||
| Anthocyanins | 1.8 [L], 5.4 [M]mg/kg body weight | ||||||||
| 9 | Male C57BL/6N mice | 5 | Western diet | Bilberry | Fruitsdried | 2273 mg/kg body weight | 18 | 50 | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113252 |
| Anthocyanins | 5.7 mg/kg body weight | ||||||||
| 10 | Male C57BL6/J mice | 6 | Cholesterol diet | Black rice | Fruit based commercial extract [Anthocyanins] | 13.6 mg/kgbody weight [L] | 12 | 51 | https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201900876 |
| 27.3 mg/kg body weight [M] | |||||||||
| 54.4 mg/kg body weight [H] | |||||||||
| 11 | Male C57BL/6 mice | 5 | Dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis | Russian box thorn | Fruithydro-acidic ethanolic extract [Anthocyanins] | 200 mg/kg body weight | 2.2 | 23 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.005 |
| 12 | Male C57BL/6 J mice | 4 | High fat diet | Black currant | Fruithydro-acidic ethanolic extract [Anthocyanins] | 150 mg/kg body weight | 14 | 52 | https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.202001090 |
| 13 | Female C57BL/6 mice | 8 | Colon cancer | Bilberry | Fruit based commercial powder [Anthocyanins] | 25 mg/kg body weight | 2 | 53 | https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020175 |
| 14 | Male diabetic Zucker rats | 3 | High fat diet | Bilberries and purple potato | Bilberry fruit [a,b] and potato tuber [c,d] commercial extract [50:50 ratio] [Anthocyanins] | 25 mg/kg body weight [L:a,c] | 8 | 54 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2022.110978 |
| 50 mg/kg body weight [H: b,d] | |||||||||
| 15 | Male C57BL/6 J mice | 5 | High fat diet | Russian box thorn | Fruithydro-acidic ethanolic extract [Anthocyanins] | 100 mg/kg body weight | 11 | 55 | https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11010098 |
| 16 | Male C57BL/6 J mice | NA | High fat diet | Undefined | Commercial powder [Anthocyanins] | 40 mg/kg body weight | 14 | 56 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2019.101269 |
| 17 | Male C57BL/6 J mice | 5 | High fat diet | Blueberry [a,b] and cranberry [c,d] | Commercial powder[50:50 ratio] [Anthocyanins] | 1137 mg/kg body weight [L:a,c] | 24 | 57 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02446-3 |
| 2273 mg/kg body weight [H:b,d] | |||||||||
| 18 | Male C57BL/6 mice | 7 | High fat diet | Jamun [black plum] | Fruit pulp hydro-ethanol/acetone extract [Phenolic extract] | 100 mg/kg body weight | 8 | 58 | https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201801307 |
| 19 | Male C57BL/6 J mice | 6 | High fat, cholesterol diet | Purple sweet potato | Tuber acidified methanolic extract [Anthocyanins] | 340 mg/kg body weight [L] | 12 | 59 | https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.16130 |
| 681.8 mg/kg body weight [M] | |||||||||
| 1022.6 mg/kg body weight [H] | |||||||||
| 20 | Male Swiss-albino mice | 6–8 | Normal | Purple and black wheat | Seed powder [a,c] and cooked chapatti powder [b,d] | 96.6 g/kg body weight [L: a, c] | 11 | 60 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103433 |
| 104.5 g/kg body weight [H: b,d] | |||||||||
| Anthocyanins |
Purple Flour = 5.7 [a] Black flour = 15.4 [b] Purple Chapatti = 2.0 [c] Black chapatti = 10.3 [d] [mg/kg body weight] |
#For understanding the effect of dose, different interventions given to animals were uniformalised to mg/kg body weight. For dose conversion in mg/kg of body weight, the average weight and diet considered for mice were 22 g and 2.5 g, and for rats were 200 g and 11 g, respectively.