Table 4.
Comparisons of clinical changes grouped by patients with recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia
| Clinical measures | Recent-onset (n = 45) | Chronic (n = 37) | Group × time interactions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
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| Baseline | Mean change (standard error) | Baseline | Mean change (standard error) | F | p value | |||
| Age (yr) | 30.5 ± 8.3 | 36.2 ± 10.0 | 0.006 | |||||
| Clinical Global Impression | 2.7 ± 1.0 | −0.5 (0.1)*** | 3.0 ± 1.1 | −0.1 (0.2) | 5.649 | 0.020 | ||
| PANSS | ||||||||
| Positive | 10.7 ± 3.8 | −2.3 (0.5)*** | 12.2 ± 5.7 | −0.6 (0.9) | 14.347 | <0.001 | ||
| Negative | 14.3 ± 6.7 | −1.4 (0.7) | 14.7 ± 5.0 | −0.9 (0.5) | 0.798 | 0.375 | ||
| General | 26.9 ± 9.4 | −3.7 (0.9)*** | 28.1 ± 9.3 | −1.1 (1.2) | 8.205 | 0.006 | ||
| Total | 51.9 ± 18.7 | −7.5 (2.0)*** | 54.9 ± 18.8 | −2.6 (2.3) | 8.779 | 0.004 | ||
| PSP | 66.8 ± 11.6 | 5.6 (1.4)*** | 48.1 ± 11.08 | 1.4 (1.5) | 5.520 | 0.022 | ||
| SWN | ||||||||
| Total | 83.8 ± 19.1 | 5.2 (2.3)* | 80.7 ± 18.1 | 3.4 (1.9) | 0.625 | 0.432 | ||
| Mental functioning | 16.6 ± 4.5 | 0.6 (0.6) | 15.9 ± 4.0 | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.061 | 0.806 | ||
| Self-control | 17.2 ± 3.9 | 1.2 (0.6) | 16.1 ± 4.4 | 1.0 (0.5) | 0.883 | 0.351 | ||
| Emotional regulation | 16.4 ± 4.1 | 0.8 (0.8) | 17.0 ± 4.3 | 0.1 (0.5) | 0.258 | 0.613 | ||
| Physical functioning | 17.5 ± 4.4 | 1.0 (0.5) | 15.9 ± 4.9 | 0.5 (0.6) | 1.366 | 0.247 | ||
| Social integration | 16.4 ± 4.0 | 0.9 (0.5) | 15.3 ± 3.7 | 1.7 (0.5)** | 0.490 | 0.486 | ||
| Body weight (kg) | 69.7 ± 16.1 | 1.5 (0.7)* | 71.0 ± 13.3 | 0.0 (0.7) | 2.063 | 0.155 | ||
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 87.3 ± 14.4 | 1.5 (1.1) | 89.8 ± 10.2 | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.690 | 0.409 | ||
| Prolactin (ng/ml) | 37.8 ± 45.1 | −15.6 (8.5) | 31.1 ± 27.0 | −7.3 (5.8) | 0.140 | 0.709 | ||
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 98.8 ± 17.7 | 10.8 (9.0) | 100.5 ± 13.7 | 1.2 (2.1) | 0.900 | 0.346 | ||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 201.9 ± 43.6 | −12.6 (5.3)* | 166.1 ± 37.7 | 10.4 (6.6) | 0.484 | 0.489 | ||
| HDL (mg/dl) | 53.9 ± 13.9 | −1.8 (1.4) | 48.8 ± 10.8 | 4.5 (1.3)** | 8.271 | 0.005 | ||
| LDL (mg/dl) | 126.5 ± 33.6 | −7.5 (3.9) | 100.2 ± 23.9 | 6.4 (3.0)* | 1.128 | 0.292 | ||
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 141.7 ± 110.4 | 7.8 (12.3) | 155.8 ± 122.1 | −38.4 (15.8)* | 5.578 | 0.021 | ||
| ALT (U/L) | 33.3 ± 34.0 | −5.9 (4.9) | 25.2 ± 21.5 | 4.2 (4.0) | 1.012 | 0.318 | ||
| AST (U/L) | 25.2 ± 13.1 | −0.8 (1.8) | 25.6 ± 24.4 | 0.1 (4.4) | 0.172 | 0.680 | ||
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
PANSS, Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale; PSP, Personal and Social Performance scale; SWN, Subjective Well-Being under Neuroleptics; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 vs. baseline.