Figure 3.

Proportion of “yes” responses at encoding. In each panel, columns denote encoding task (left: self-reference task, right: valence task), and colors denote normative valence (blue: positive, red: negative). Error bars and bands represent 95% bootstrap confidence intervals (Waskom et al., 2017). In Panel (b), dashed vertical lines denote standard cutoffs for mild, moderate, and severe depression. Panel (a) depicts a higher average proportion of “yes” responses to positive than negative words in both encoding tasks. Panel (b) demonstrates that as BDI scores increase, participants endorsed more negative but fewer positive words as self-descriptive (self-reference task) and positive (valence task).