Fig. (1).

The mechanisms underlying the analgesic effect of quercetin in preclinical studies. Abbreviations: GSH: glutathione; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; IL-6: interleukin 6; MDA: malondialdehyde; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; Nrf2: nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2; SGCs: satellite glial cells. TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α;