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Adjusted associations between the three psychosocial variables and internet gaming disorder (N=305).
| Independent variablesa | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) |
| Loneliness | 1.29 (1.14-1.47)*** |
| Hopelessness | 1.27 (1.15-1.40)*** |
| Self-control | 0.90 (0.87-0.94)*** |
aThe models were adjusted for background variables including age, place of residence, study major, year of study, and average monthly expenditure.
***P<.001.
