. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Progn Health Manag. 2021;12(1):10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i1.2883. doi: 10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i1.2883

Table 1.

Characteristics of Maintenance Costs from a Selection of Articles, Various Countries/Industries

	Maintenance
Description	Low	High
Cost of Goods Sold^a,b	15.0%	70.0%

Sales^c	0.5%	25.0%

Cost of Ownership^d	37.5%

Replacement Value of Plant^e	1.8%	5.0%

Cost of Manufacturing^f	23.9%

Percent of Planned Production Time that is Downtime^f	13.3%

Sources:

Mobley, R. Keith. An Introduction to Predictive Maintenance. (Woburn, MA: Elsevier Science, 2002). 1.

Bevilacqua, M. and M. Braglia. “The Analytic Hierarchy Process Applied to Maintenance Strategy Selection.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety. 70, no 1 (2000): 71–83.

Komonen, Kari. “A Cost Model of Industrial Maintenance for Profitability Analysis and Benchmarking.” International Journal of Production Economics. 79 (2002): 15–31.

Herrmann, C., S. Kara, S. Thiede. “Dynamic Life Cycle Costing Based on Lifetime Prediction.” International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 4, no 3 (2011): 224–235.

Eti, M.C., S.O.T. Ogaji, and S.D. Probert. “Reducing the Cost of Preventive Maintenance (PM) through Adopting a Proactive Reliability-Focused Culture.” Applied Energy. 83 (2006): 1235–1248.

Tabikh, Mohamad. “Downtime Cost and Reduction Analysis: Survey Results.” Master Thesis. KPP321. Mӓlardalen University. (2014). http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:757534/FULLTEXT01.pdf