In vitro evaluation of triggers, sensing and control release of nano-drug complexesa.
| Cell line (year of study) | Nanomaterial/size | Drug, bioactive, gene, photosensitizer | Nano-drug efficacy on leukemic cells | Nano-drug cytotoxic effect on non-target/healthy cells | Release status | Trigger |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCRF-CEM (2009)106 | DNA aptamer sgc8c | Doxorubicin (DOX) | Similar to the free drug | Nontoxic | (Acid-labile linkages) | PH |
| Jurkat (2011)22 | PEG-hydrophobic poly(β-amino ester) (PbAE)/ND | Paclitaxel/paclitaxel oleate in poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) | Similar to the free drug | NDa | Controlled release (slow, sustained) | PH |
| CCRF-CEM (2017)108 | sgc8-polyrotaxane-based nanoconstruct (PRNC), PEG/400 nm | Doxorubicin (DOX) | Similar to the free drug | Nontoxic, Safer | Controlled release | PH |
| CCRF-CEM (2018)109 | Liposomal – PEG/110.37 nm | Vincristine (VCR) | Weaker cytotoxic than the free drug targeting form is similar to the free drug | Nontoxic, safer | Controlled release (sustained) | PH |
| 6T-CEM (T-ALL) (2018)105 | Chitosan (CS), CSNP/ND | Zinc ion (Zn) antioxidant | More cytotoxic than the free drug | ND | ND | PH |
| Jurkat (2021)111 | PLGA/ND | Mercaptopurine (6 MP) | Weaker cytotoxic than the free drug | Nontoxic, safer | Burst release initiation, and then slow, sustained release | PH |
| Molt-4 (2011)107 | Sgc8-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)/6 nm | Daunorubicin (Dau) | Similar to free drugs | Nontoxic, safer | Controlled release | PH |
| Molt-4 (2015)103 | sgc8-AuNPs/15 nm | Daunorubicin (Dau) | More cytotoxic than the free drug | Nontoxic, safer | Controlled release | PH |
| Molt-4 (2016)104 | sgc8-AuNPs/15 nm | Daunorubicin (Dau) | More cytotoxic than the free drug | Nontoxic, safer | Controlled release | PH |
| CCRF-CEM (2019)112 | Sgc8-MSN/103.24 nm | Doxorubicin (DOX) | Weaker cytotoxic than the free drug targeting form is similar to the free drug | Nontoxic, safer | Controlled release (slow, sustained) | PH |
| Jurkat cells co-culture assay with Nalm-6 (2020)110 | Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), C14-4/65.19 nm | CAR T cell: mRNA viral delivery, electroporation EP | similar potent cancer cell killing with C14-4 LNPs, EP, or lentivirus | Nontoxic, safer | Controlled release | PH |
| CEM (2015)121 | AgNPs-mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) – PEG/90 nm | Paclitaxel (PTX) | Cytotoxic effect weaker than the free drug targeting form is similar to the free drug | Nontoxic, safer | Controlled release | GSH |
| CCRF-CEM (2019)120 | Polymeric micelles (PCL-ss-Sgc8-BSA (polycaprolactone)/165.1 ± 5.2 nm | Ara-C | Similar to the free drug targeting form is more cytotoxic than the free drug | Nontoxic | Controlled release | GSH |
| CCRF-CEM (2011)115 | sgc8-hp-Au NP/21.± 1.6 nm | Doxorubicin (DOX) | Similar to the free drug | Nontoxic, safer | Controlled release | Light, temperature |
| CCRF-CEM (2011)128 | sgc8-G-quadruplex/ND | Photosensitizer TMPyP4 (porphine: parent of porphyrin) | More effective than TMPyP4 alone | Nontoxic, safer | ND | Irradiation |
| Jurkat (2016)100 | poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/100 nm | Zinc(ii) phthalocyanine (ZnPc), (photosensitizer: PS) | More effective than free ZnPc | Nontoxic | Controlled release (slow, sustained), diffusion | Irradiation |
| CCRF-CEM LCK high (2020)129 | DMAP-EDCI-DMF + zinc(ii) phthalocyanine (ZnPc), (photosensitizer: PS): C5/ND | Dasatinib (small-molecule-tyrosine kinase inhibitor) | More cytotoxic than the free drug | Nontoxic | ND | Irradiation |
| Daudi cell (2002)114 | PEG-dipeptidyl linker-mAb/ND | Adriamycin (ADR) | Weaker cytotoxic than the free drug | Nontoxic | Controlled release (slow, sustained) | Enzyme |
a
ND: not determined.