Table 3.
Antenatal and postnatal characteristics of last-born child and association with current breastfeeding status of the last-born children under two years of age: percentages and OR results
| Number and percentage of children | Currently breastfed children | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unweighted N (%)a | Weighted N(%)b | N (%)b | P d | ORe | 95% CI | |
| Migration date to Turkey according to birth of the child | < 0.001 | |||||
| Within 23 months before the birth or after birth | 128 (17.2) | 134 (18.4) | 70 (52.2) | 1.00 | ||
| 2–3 years before birth | 226 (30.4) | 229 (31.4) | 130 (56.8) | 1.20 | 0.74, 1.94 | |
| 4–5 years before birth | 314 (42.2) | 304 (41.6) | 206 (67.8) | 1.93 | 1.26, 2.95 | |
| 6–10 years before birth | 76 (10.2) | 63 (8.6) | 51 (81.0) | 3.93 | 2.02, 7.63 | |
| Birth country of child | < 0.001 | |||||
| Turkey | 708 (95.2) | 692 (94.8) | 444 (64.2) | 3.59 | 1.52, 8.49 | |
| Syria | 36 (4.8) | 38 (5.2) | 13 (34.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Birth order of the child | 0.264 | |||||
| 1 | 189 (25.4) | 191 (26.2) | 112 (58.6) | 1.00 | ||
| 2–3 | 345 (46.4) | 343 (47.0) | 214 (62.4) | 1.18 | 0.76, 1.82 | |
| ≥ 4 | 210 (28.2) | 196 (26.8) | 130 (66.7) | 1.42 | 0.86, 2.34 | |
| Mother’s desire for child when pregnant | 0.847 | |||||
| Soon | 626 (84.1) | 614 (84.1) | 384 (62.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Later | 42 (5.7) | 42 (5.8) | 25 (59.5) | 0.87 | 0.44, 1.70 | |
| Does not want | 76 (10.2) | 74 (10.1) | 48 (64.9) | 1.15 | 0.67, 1.97 | |
| Preceding birth interval, months | 0.028 | |||||
| First birth | 189 (25.4) | 191 (26.2) | 112 (58.6) | 0.69 | 0.43, 1.12 | |
| < 18 | 123 (16.5) | 122 (16.7) | 65 (53.3) | 0.56 | 0.35, 0.89 | |
| 18–35 | 259 (34.8) | 250 (34.2) | 167 (66.8) | 1.00 | 0.67, 1.50 | |
| ≥ 36 | 173 (23.3) | 167 (22.9) | 112 (67.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Antenatal care attendance, number | 0.146 | |||||
| < 4 | 250 (33.6) | 251 (34.4) | 163 (64.9) | 1.00 | ||
| 4–7 | 276 (37.1) | 265 (36.3) | 171 (64.5) | 0.97 | 0.68, 1.39 | |
| ≥ 8 | 218 (29.3) | 214 (29.3) | 122 (57.0) | 0.71 | 0.51, 1.00 | |
| Gestational duration | 0.756 | |||||
| 8 months | 42 (5.6) | 39 (5.3) | 23 (59.0) | 0.86 | 0.45, 1.63 | |
| 9 months | 702 (94.4) | 691 (94.7) | 434 (62.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Place of delivery | 0.001 | |||||
| Home | 21 (2.8) | 22 (3.0) | 10 (43.5) | 0.39 | 0.16, 0.97 | |
| Public sector | 618 (83.1) | 598 (82.0) | 394 (65.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Private sector | 102 (13.7) | 106 (14.5) | 52 (49.1) | 0.50 | 0.33, 0.76 | |
| Missing | 3 (0.4) | 4 (0.5) | ||||
| Cesarean delivery | 0.208 | |||||
| No | 552 (74.2) | 543 (74.4) | 332 (61.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 192 (25.8) | 187 (25.6) | 124 (66.3) | 1.24 | 0.90, 1.71 | |
| Birth weight d , g | 0.363 | |||||
| < 2500 | 104 (14.0) | 102 (14.0) | 59 (57.8) | 0.72 | 0.46, 1.13 | |
| 2500–3999 | 481 (64.7) | 475 (65.1) | 310 (65.3) | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 4000 | 56 (7.5) | 54 (7.3) | 34 (63.0) | 0.91 | 0.49, 1.69 | |
| Child age, months | < 0.001 | |||||
| < 6 | 229 (30.8) | 226 (30.4) | 205 (90.7) | 1.00 | ||
| 6–11 | 193 (25.9) | 187 (25.1) | 140 (74.9) | 0.29 | 0.15, 0.56 | |
| 12–17 | 172 (23.1) | 168 (22.6) | 81 (48.2) | 0.09 | 0.05, 0.16 | |
| 18–23 | 150 (20.2) | 149 (20.0) | 31 (20.8) | 0.03 | 0.02, 0.05 | |
| Sex of child | 0.366 | |||||
| Male | 411 (55.2) | 402 (55.1) | 257 (63.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Female | 333 (44.8) | 328 (44.9) | 199 (60.7) | 0.87 | 0.65, 1.17 | |
| Initiation time of breastfeeding, hours | 0.138 | |||||
| < 1 (early initiation) | 547 (73.5) | 544 (74.5) | 349 (64.2) | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 1 | 197 (26.5) | 186 (25.5) | 108 (23.6) | 0.77 | 0.54, 1.08 | |
| Prelacteal feeding | 0.009 | |||||
| No | 539 (72.4) | 533 (73.1) | 349 (65.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 205 (27.6) | 196 (26.9) | 108 (54.8) | 0.65 | 0.46, 0.91 | |
| Bottle feeding | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 457 (61.4) | 451 (61.8) | 348 (77.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 287 (38.6) | 279 (38.2) | 108 (38.7) | 0.19 | 0.13, 0.26 | |
| Postnatal infant care, within 2 months | 0.391 | |||||
| No | 115 (15.5) | 118 (16.1) | 78 (66.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 629 (84.5) | 612 (83.9) | 379 (61.9) | 0.84 | 0.55, 1.28 | |
| Currently pregnant | < 0.001 | |||||
| No or unsure | 636 (85.5) | 627 (85.9) | 443 (70.7) | 16.3 | 8.6, 31.1 | |
| Yes | 108 (14.5) | 103 (14.1) | 13 (12.6) | 1.0 | ||
| New pregnancy, trimester | < 0.001 | |||||
| 0 | 636 (85.5) | 626 (85.9) | 443 (70.7) | |||
| 1 | 43 (5.8) | 40 (5.5) | 11 (27.5) | |||
| 2 | 27 (3.6) | 26 (3.5) | 2 (7.7) | |||
| 3 | 38 (5.1) | 37 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Currently breastfeeding | ||||||
| No | 278 (37.4) | 273 (37.5) | ||||
| Yes | 466 (62.6) | 456 (62.5) | ||||
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, EIBF Early initiation of breastfeeding, OR Odds ratio
aColumn percentage
bweighted row percentage
cmissing data: 103
dChi-square test
eunivariate binary complex sample logistic regression analysis