Table 1.
Pre-Operative and Intraoperative Baseline Characteristics
| All patients(n = 418) | VIS ≥ 20(n = 210) | VIS < 20(n = 208) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Demographic data | ||||
| Age (years) | 57.8 ± 13.1 | 59.0 ± 0.88 | 56.6 ± 0.93 | 0.06 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 5.4 | 25.4 ± 0.35 | 27.2 ± 0.39 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 343 (82.1) | 172 (81.9) | 171 (82.2) | 0.94 |
| Ischemic etiology, n (%) | 169 (40.4) | 86 (41.0) | 83 (39.9) | 0.06 |
| LVAD indication | 0.86 | |||
| BTT, n (%) | 265 (63.4) | 134 (63.8) | 131 (63.0) | |
| DT, n (%) | 153 (36.6) | 76 (36.2) | 77 (37.0) | |
| Prior sternotomy (%) | 132 (32.0) | 79 (37.8) | 53 (26.0) | 0.010 |
| Pre-operative inotrope support | 350 (83.7) | 172 (81.9) | 178 (85.6) | 0.31 |
| Pre-operative vasopressor, n (%) | 34 (8.4) | 18 (8.8) | 16 (7.9) | 0.73 |
| Pre-operative ventilator, n (%) | 17 (4.2) | 12 (5.9) | 5 (2.5) | 0.08 |
| Pre-operative IABP, n (%) | 119 (28.5) | 69 (33.0) | 50 (24.0) | 0.042 |
| Pre-operative mechanical | ||||
| Circulatory support, n (%) | 41 (9.8) | 29 (13.8) | 12 (5.8) | 0.006 |
| ECMO | 7 (1.7) | 5 (2.4) | 2 (1.0) | 0.25 |
| Impella | 6 (1.4) | 5 (2.4) | 1 (0.5) | 0.10 |
| CentriMag VAD | 32 (7.7) | 23 (11.0) | 9 (4.3) | 0.011 |
| INTERMACS profile | 0.004 | |||
| 1 | 32 (7.7) | 22 (10.5) | 10 (4.8) | |
| 2 | 129 (30.9) | 62 (29.5) | 67 (32.2) | |
| 3 | 58 (13.9) | 27 (8.1) | 41 (19.7) | |
| 4 | 10 (2.4) | 4 (1.9) | 6 (2.9) | |
| Hemodynamic data | ||||
| CVP (mm Hg) | 10.8 ± 5.3 | 10.7 ± 0.4 | 11.0 ± 0.4 | 0.58 |
| Mean PAP (mm Hg) | 35.0 ± 9.8 | 34.3 ± 0.7 | 35.7 ± 0.7 | 0.17 |
| PCWP (mm Hg) | 23.7 ± 7.9 | 24.0 ± 0.6 | 23.4 ± 0.6 | 0.52 |
| CO (liter/min) | 3.48 ± 1.11 | 3.48 ± 0.1 | 3.46 ± 0.1 | 0.11 |
| PVR (Wood units) | 4.02 ± 2.64 | 3.98 ± 0.2 | 4.05 ± 0.2 | 0.81 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.4 ± 2.1 | 10.9 ± 0.1 | 11.9 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.58 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 3.7 (3.2–4.0) | 3.6 (3.1–3.9) | 3.7 (3.4–4.1) | 0.007 |
| AST (IU/liter) | 24 (18–34) | 25 (19–40) | 22 (18–31) | 0.032 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.0 (0.7–1.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.11 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE inhibitor use, n (%) | 116 (31.0) | 51 (27.4) | 65 (34.6) | 0.14 |
| Beta blocker use, n (%) | 285 (75.8) | 139 (74.7) | 146 (76.8) | 0.63 |
| Amiodarone use, n (%) | 190 (50.8) | 111 (59.7) | 79 (42.0) | 0.001 |
| Intraoperative characteristics | ||||
| CPB time (min) | 87 (63–119) | 97 (67–130) | 79 (59–104) | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative blood products | ||||
| PRBC use, n (%) | 187 (45.4) | 115 (55.6) | 72 (35.1) | <0.001 |
| FFP use, n (%) | 293 (71.1) | 157 (75.9) | 136 (66.3) | 0.033 |
| Platelets use, n (%) | 335 (81.3) | 173 (83.6) | 162 (79.0) | 0.236 |
| Concomitant valve procedures | 171 (40.9) | 101 (48.1) | 70 (33.7) | 0.003 |
| Tricuspid valve | 75 (17.9) | 49 (23.3) | 26 (12.5) | 0.004 |
| Mitral valve | 77 (18.4) | 48 (22.9) | 29 (13.9) | 0.019 |
| Aortic valve | 60 (14.3) | 25 (11.9) | 35 (16.8) | 0.15 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; BTT, bridge-to-transplantation; CO, cardiac output; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CVP, central venous pressure; DT, destination therapy; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PRBC, packed red blood cells; PVR, peripheral vascular resistance; VAD, ventricular assist device; VIS, vasoactive-inotropic score.