Baldelli 1993.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	N = 23 (23F/0M) Alzheimer’s (SDAT) Mean MMSE 20.6 (SD 4.9) Mean age 84.5 (SD 6.4; range 75‐94) All resident in institution
Interventions	RO group sessions (N = 13) Treatment‐as‐usual (N = 10)
Outcomes	Cognition: MMSE; Berg Orientation Scale Mood: GDS‐30 ADL: Stewart ADL scale
Notes	60 minutes, 3 times a week for 3 months; 3‐month follow‐up data on cognitive measures
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Stated by email that their trials were randomised (with no detail of the methods used)
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Stated by email that their trials were randomised (with no detail of the methods used)
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No details of who assessors were
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Zero attrition at 3‐month post‐treatment assessment; no attrition reported at follow‐up 3 months later
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Scores for all measures reported
Other bias ‐ training and supervision	Unclear risk	No details of who carried out the groups
Other bias ‐ treatment manual	Unclear risk	Described as 'formal ROT'