Breuil 1994.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	N = 61 (37F/24M) Diagnosis of dementia (DSM‐III) (90% have Alzheimer's disease) Age 77.1 (range 61‐93) Mean MMSE 21.5 (range 9‐29) Outpatients
Interventions	Cognitive stimulation (N = 29) Treatment‐as‐usual (N = 27)
Outcomes	Cognition: MMSE, CERAD ADL: ECA scale rated by family members
Notes	60 minutes, 2 times a week, for 5 weeks
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Described as randomised, but no details of randomisation reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details of randomisation reported
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Cognitive assessments made by an assessor blind to group allocation; ADL assessment open
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Five patients excluded as did not attend all training and evaluation sessions (3 from treatment group, 2 from controls) ‐ reasons for non‐attendance not provided
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Data on all measures reported, except for several scales which were deemed unsuitable due to ceiling effects
Other bias ‐ training and supervision	Unclear risk	Two therapists ‐ psychologist and physician ‐ training in cognitive stimulation techniques not specified
Other bias ‐ treatment manual	Unclear risk	Described as a 'cognitive stimulation programme' and some examples given, but no information regarding a manual or protocol