Spector 2001.
Study characteristics | ||
Methods | RCT | |
Participants | N = 35 Diagnosis of dementia according to DSM‐IV criteria MMSE 13.1 (SD 4.4) Age 85.7 (SD 6.7) Living at home: 12; living in residential home: 23 |
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Interventions | Cognitive stimulation (N = 21) Treatment‐as‐usual (N = 14) |
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Outcomes | Cognition: MMSE; ADAS‐Cog Communication: Holden Communication Scale Mood: Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia; RAID Behaviour: Behaviour Rating Scale (CAPE). Family caregivers: Relatives Stress Scale; GHQ |
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Notes | 45 minutes, 2 times a week, for 7 weeks | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Randomly allocated to either group by drawing names from a sealed container |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Randomly allocated to either group by drawing names from a sealed container ‐ would have been preferable for randomisation to have been carried out independently |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | At least some of the assessments were carried out by staff aware of group allocation. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Attrition reported (with reasons): 4 in CS group, 4 in control group i.e. 23% |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Data from all measures reported |
Other bias ‐ training and supervision | Unclear risk | Groups led by a member of the research team, with a member of staff as co‐facilitator ‐ training and supervision unclear |
Other bias ‐ treatment manual | Low risk | Manual (Spector 2006) developed through this study |