Table 1. Correlation with ground-truth volumes.

Pearson correlations between volumes obtained with FreeSurfer from 1-mm isotropic T1s and from the synthetic MPRAGEs computed with SynthSR from clinical acquisitions of heterogeneous orientation, resolution, and contrast. The correlations at the scan level are computed with and without the auxiliary segmentation loss to analyze the impact of this component of our method. The correlations at the subject level use volume estimates computed as the median across available scans for each subject (using the full SynthSR model, i.e., with the segmentation loss). All correlations are strongly significant (P < 10⁻⁷ when using the full model).

Region level	White matter	Cortical gray matter	Subcortical gray matter	Ventricles	Hippocampus	Amygdala	Thalamus	Putamen	Pallidum
Scan level (n = 435)	0.79	0.83	0.77	0.99	0.76	0.60	0.72	0.60	0.47
Scan level (ablated segmentation task)	0.79	0.79	0.76	0.99	0.74	0.54	0.69	0.56	0.40
Subject level (n = 41)	0.91	0.93	0.91	0.99	0.89	0.90	0.90	0.75	0.72