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. 2022 Nov 28;14(1):243–259. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13124

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Age‐related increases in Gadd45a and Ube4a are prevented with FoxO deletion whereas other ubiquitin proteasome genes are decreased in Young and Aged TKO muscle. Quantitative RT‐PCR of FoxO‐target genes (A), from Young Ctrl, Young TKO, Aged Ctrl, and Aged TKO quadriceps (Quad), TA, and soleus muscle. (n = 9–13 per group). Quantitative RT‐PCR of ubiquitin‐proteasome genes in Quad (B), TA (C), and soleus (D) muscle. (n = 9–13 per group). Expression of TBP was used as a housekeeping normalizer. Western blot (E) and densitometry (F, G) for p‐S6, total S6, p‐4EBP, and K48 polyubiquitinated proteins in quad muscle (n = 6 per group). Proteasome activity in quad lysates (H) measured by breakdown of fluorescently labelled peptidyl glutamyl‐like (LLE) or trypsin‐like (LSTR) substrates (n = 6 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 as indicated and #P < 0.05 age main effect by 2‐way ANOVA.