Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study population
| Variables | Age group | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40 years (N = 1 866 591) | 66 years (N = 563 919) | ||
| Sex (male) | 931 010 (49.9) | 276 665 (49.1) | <0.001 |
| Income (lowest quartile) | 295 293 (15.8) | 121 367 (21.5) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 517 623 (27.7) | 79 989 (14.2) | <0.001 |
| Heavy alcohol drinker | 150 276 (8.1) | 29 902 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Regular exerciser | 302 868 (16.2) | 140 455 (24.9) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 165.4 ± 8.4 | 159.3 ± 8.4 | <0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.8 ± 12.3 | 61.3 ± 9.5 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.5 ± 3.3 | 24.1 ± 3.0 | <0.001 |
| <18.5 | 68 963 (3.7) | 12 942 (2.3) | <0.001 |
| 18.5–22.9 | 808 667 (43.3) | 186 458 (33.1) | |
| 23–24.9 | 418 738 (22.4) | 156 310 (27.7) | |
| 25–29.9 | 495 819 (26.6) | 189 944 (33.7) | |
| ≥30.0 | 74 404 (4.0) | 18 265 (3.2) | |
| General obesity | 570 223 (30.6) | 208 209 (36.9) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 78.7 ± 9.4 | 82.7 ± 8.2 | <0.001 |
| M < 80.0; W < 75.0 | 830 915 (44.5) | 127 141 (22.6) | <0.001 |
| M 80.0–84.9; W 75.0–79.9 | 432 110 (23.2) | 134 141 (23.8) | |
| M 85.0–89.9; W 80.0–84.9 | 314 492 (16.9) | 141 850 (25.2) | |
| M 90.0–94.9; W 85.0–89.9 | 170 975 (9.2) | 93 613 (16.6) | |
| M 95.0–99.9; W 90.0–94.9 | 73 837 (4.0) | 44 317 (7.9) | |
| M ≥ 100.0; W ≥ 95.0 | 44 262 (2.4) | 22 857 (4.1) | |
| Abdominal obesity | 289 074 (15.5) | 16 079 (28.5) | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 118.6 ± 13.9 | 128.3 ± 15.6 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.7 ± 10.1 | 77.9 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 94.5 ± 19.2 | 102.4 ± 25.2 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.0 ± 36.8 | 199.4 ± 40.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL‐C (mg/dL) | 56.8 ± 27.4 | 54.7 ± 26.8 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 126.8 ± 102.0 | 134.7 ± 87.4 | <0.001 |
| LDL‐C (mg/dL) | 113.1 ± 53.8 | 119.5 ± 51.9 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 92.7 ± 38.5 | 83.7 ± 31.9 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 217 086 (11.6) | 279 215 (49.5) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 65 891 (3.5) | 90 616 (16.1) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 202 581 (10.9) | 162 251 (28.8) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 52 147 (2.8) | 62 587 (11.1) | <0.001 |
Note: Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, or number (percentage). Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; M, men; W, women.