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. 2022 Oct 25;43(2):371–390. doi: 10.1007/s10875-022-01379-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

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Fig. 5 — The lack of total and IgA⁺ plasma cells (PCs) contributes to tissue inflammation and impaired metabolic function in CVID enteropathy patients. a Representative histologies for the presence of PCs in duodenal biopsies of HC, a noVA patient, and a VA patient. Circles denote plasma cells. b Representative histologies for the presence of IgA⁺ PCs in duodenal biopsies of a HC, a noVA patient, and a VA patient, performed by IHC. Scale bars show 100 µm. c Gene set enrichment heatmap showing the differentially regulated terms in PC⁺ (n = 5) to PC⁻ (n = 8) tissues. Relevant gene sets were selected among the top significant ones. Color code represents the enrichment score. d Gene set enrichment heatmap showing the differentially regulated terms in noVA IgA PC⁺ (n = 3) to noVA IgA PC⁻ (n = 6) tissues. Relevant gene sets were selected among the top significant ones. Color code represents the enrichment score. e Comparison of the RE of several IRGs in PC⁺ (n = 7) to PC⁻ (n = 9) tissues, analyzed by RT-qPCR, excluding NV⁺ tissues and tissues from patients with monogenetic defects. Color code indicates noVA (in blue) and VA (in red) tissues. P values as determined by unpaired t test (e GBP5, IFI35, IFIT3, ISG15) as data was normally distributed