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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Oct 27;141(1):176–187. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005010

Table 3.

Assessing the association between perceived COVID-19 stress and menstrual changes (n=354)

Low COVID-19 Stress (n=317) High COVID-19 Stress (n=37) p value

Menstrual Cycle Length (n = 353) 0.008
 No change 224 (70.9) 18 (48.6)
 Shorter 37 (11.7) 7 (18.9)
 Longer 38 (12.0) 11 (29.7)
 No period since pandemic began 17 (5.4) 1 (2.7)
 Missing 1 (0.27) 0 (0%)
Period Duration (n=354) <0.0001
 No change 225 (71.0) 18 (48.7)
 Shorter 41 (12.9) 7 (18.9)
 Longer 33 (10.4) 12 (32.4)
 No period since pandemic began 18 (5.7) 0 (0.0)
 Missing 0 (0.0) 0 (0%)
Menstrual Flow (n=354) 0.035
 No change 207 (65.3) 19 (51.4)
 Lighter 37 (11.7) 4 (10.8)
 Heavier 59 (18.6) 14 (37.8)
 No period since pandemic began 14 (4.4) 0 (0.0)
 Missing 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
Spotting Between Cycles (n=353) 0.006
 No spotting 255 (80.7) 25 (67.6)
 Spotting between cycles 43 (13.6) 12 (32.4)
 No period since pandemic began 18 (5.7) 0 (0.0)
 Missing 1 (0.27) 0 (0.0)

Low COVID-19 Stress, score <25 on PSS-10-C scale; High COVID-19 Stress, score ≥25 on PSS-10-C. Data are n (%) unless otherwise specified.