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. 2023 Jan 19;14:1082273. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082273

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Copyright © 2023 Sudo, Tokunoh, Tsujii, Kawashima, Hayakawa, Fukushima, Takahashi, Koshizuka and Inoue

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Kinetics of cytokines/chemokines gene expression in mucosal lymphoid tissues. (A) Design of the experiment. Mice were administered with BLP-Tir orally or nasally for 3 consecutive days. Total RNA was extracted from the PPs or the NALT from mice administered with BLP-Tir orally or nasally, respectively, before (0) and at 6 h after the 1^st administration, and at 1 and 4 days (1d and 4d) after the 3^rd administration (n =3/group). (B) mRNA levels of the indicated genes were measured by qRT-PCR and expressed as fold induction (means ± SEM, n=3). Gapdh was used as an internal control. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test were used to compare means from BLP-Tir administered groups against the control group (0, before administration).