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. 2023 Jan 30;19:17455057221150099. doi: 10.1177/17455057221150099

Table 4.

The relationships of the DASS-21 during COVID-19 with menstrual characteristics during the pandemic using Pearson correlation.

Depression after COVID-19 Anxiety after COVID-19 Stress after COVID-19 DASS21 After COVID-19
Cycle length (days) −0.039 −0.016 −0.041 −0.034
Bleeding days 0.034 0.002 0.018 0.019
Heavy bleeding 0.081 0.175** 0.110* 0.128*
Heavy bleeding days number −0.002 0.035 −0.019 0.004
Pads per day 0.026 0.099 0.031 0.054
Pads per night −0.095 −0.034 −0.060 −0.068
Bleeding amount
 Mild 0.076 0.051 0.058 0.066
 Moderate −0.130* −0.195** −0.143** −0.165**
 Heavy −0.002 0.035 −0.019 0.004
Indicators for heavy menstrual bleeding
 Double protection −0.099 −0.069 −0.079 −0.088
 Night leak 0.023 0.078 0.047 0.052
 Clots −0.006 0.047 0.013 0.018
 Anemia −0.093 −0.046 −0.074 −0.076
Symptoms of menstruation after COVID-19
 Nausea and/or vomiting 0.071 0.123* 0.117* 0.110*
 Constipation and/or diarrhea −0.068 −0.044 −0.046 −0.056
 Flatulence −0.064 −0.006 −0.023 −0.034
 Breast pain −0.044 0.018 −0.005 −0.012
 Fatigue −0.079 −0.083 −0.076 −0.084
 Appetite change 0.011 0.066 0.032 0.038
 Headache −0.002 0.022 −0.008 0.004
 Urgency 0.093 0.130* 0.114* 0.119*
 Mood swing −0.032 −0.043 −0.001 −0.027
 Anger −0.016 0.003 0.008 −0.002
 Acne 0.055 0.037 0.048 0.050
 Irregular bleeding −0.050 −0.037 −0.048 −0.048
 Light or absent period 0.023 0.005 −0.005 0.008
 Six-month absence 0.138** 0.125* 0.097 0.128*
Menstrual disorders treatment 0.024 0.021 0.020 0.023
 Unknown −0.110* −0.104* −0.110* −0.115*
 Hormonal 0.024 0.021 0.020 0.023
 Herbs −0.124* −0.088 −0.112* −0.115*
 Contraception 0.066 0.051 0.082 0.070
 Surgery 0.057 0.035 0.042 0.048
 Others 0.115 0.168** 0.128* 0.145**

COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; DASS: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21questionnaire.

*

, ** Correlation is significant at 0.05 and 0.01 level, respectively.