Table 2:
Demographic characteristics and maternal reports of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms and (n=798)
| Variable | Frequency | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 27.45 | 6.59 |
| Education | ||
| No education | 40 | 5% |
| Primary | 441 | 55% |
| Secondary | 287 | 36% |
| Post-secondary | 30 | 4% |
| Monthly income (Malawi Kwacha)* | ||
| ≤49,999 | 471 | 59% |
| 50,000 - 99,999 | 219 | 27% |
| 100,000 - 249,999 | 83 | 10% |
| ≥ 250,0000 | 25 | 3% |
| Has partner (Married or boyfriend) | 729 | 91% |
| Household head | 145 | 18% |
| Disclosure to partner (Yes) | 130 | 16% |
| Received HIV diagnosis today (Date of eligibility assessment) | 713 | 89% |
| Number of pregnancies | ||
| First | 118 | 15% |
| Second, third, fourth | 576 | 72% |
| More than four | 104 | 13% |
| Gestations age (Trimester) | ||
| First trimester | 74 | 9% |
| Second trimester | 597 | 75% |
| Third trimester | 127 | 16% |
| Travel mode | ||
| Walk | 229 | 29% |
| Public transport | 559 | 70% |
| Private transport | 10 | 1% |
| Exposure | ||
| History of adverse childhood events (ACE) | 755 | 95% |
| Depressive symptoms | ||
| Somatic complaints | 635 | 80% |
| Reduced vital energy | 502 | 63% |
| Anxiety | 419 | 53% |
| Depressive thoughts | 358 | 45% |
| Depressed (score ≥8) | 278 | 35% |
*
In 2021, 805 Malawi Kwacha =1US$ (Knoema, 2021). Note: The percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding.