Table 2.
Studies assessing EEG metrics.
| Study | Study Size/Type | Type of PSG (Level 1 or 2) | Sex (% male) | Mean BMI (kg/m2) | Mean AHI (/h) | Mean Age (years) | % OSA Participants | Metric | Outcome | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schwartz (2006)50 Germany | 100/Cross-sectional | 1 | Not referenced | Not referenced | Not referenced | Not referenced | Not referenced | Arousal duration | ESS | Longer arousals correlated more strongly with ESS than the frequency or time attributable to the more numerous brief arousals. |
| Vakulin (2016)49 Australia | 76/Cross-sectional | 1 | 81 | 32.2 | 29.8 | 42.8 | 100 | EEG power Spectrum analysis | Driving simulator performance | Among clinical and quantitative EEG variables, significant predictors of worse steering deviation were total EEG power during NREM and REM sleep, beta EEG power in NREM and delta EEG power in REM and sleep onset latency. |
| Azarbarzin (2020)46 USA | 1378/Retro of Pros | 1 | 67.6 | 30 | 22 | 65 | 100 | LR-ORP | Risk of car crash | Compared to the lowest quartile of sleep depth coherence, individuals in the highest quartile had a 62% lower risk of accident. |
| Kim (2021)31 USA | 2055/Cross-sectional | 1 | 46 | 14.8 | 28.7 | 68.4 | Not referenced | ORP | Hypertension | ORP was not associated with blood pressure changes |
| Lechat (2021)32 Australia | 5084/Retro of Pros | 1 | 47.3 | 28.1 | 9.9 | 63 | Not referenced | Delta EEG power | All-cause mortality | Disrupted delta EEG power during sleep was associated with a 32% increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with no fragmentation. |
| Djonlagic (2021)47 USA | 3819/Retro of Pros | 2 | MESA:48 MrOS: 100 | Not referenced | Not referenced | Not referenced | Not referenced | EEG Metrics | Cognitive performance MESA: DSCT, CASI, DSF, DSB MrOS: Trails B, 3MS, DVT | Cognitive performance was related to sleep across macro architecture and multiple spectral, spindle, SO and spindle–SO coupling domains. Associated metrics fell across at least three broad classes. |
| Shahrbabaki (2021)33 Australia | 8001/Retro of Pros | SHHS:1 MrOS:2 SOF:2 | 62.5 | MrOS:27.2 SHHS:28.3 SOF:27.7 | MrOS:20.1 SHHS:9.5 SOF:27.6 | MrOS:76.6 SHHS: 64 SOF:82.9 | Not referenced | AB | Mortality: all cause and CV | In women, AB was associated with all-cause mortality and CV mortality. In men, it was not clear (results were reverse in SHHS and MrOS) |
| McCloy (2021)48 Australia | 190/Retro | 1 | 61 | 36.5 | 28.5 | 56 | 100 | SBI | Vigilance | SBI used to model sleep spindle characteristics to PVT indices and the proposed model were able to detect patients with vigilance marker |
| Duce (2021)51 Australia | 65/Retro | 1 | 55 | 31.7 | 26.1 | 53 | 100 | Arousal duration | Cognitive outcomes | PVT impaired group had more EEG arousals greater than 5 s, 7 s, and 15 s in duration. |
AB = arousal burden, AHI = apnea-hypopnea index, BMI = body mass index, CASI = Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, DSB = Digit Span Test (backward), DSCT = Digit Symbol Coding Test, DSF = Digit Span Test (forward), DVT = Digit Vigilance Test, EEG = electroencephalography, ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale, MESA = Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, MrOS = Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study, NREM = non–rapid eye movement, ODI = oxygen desaturation index, ORP = odds ratio product, OSA = obstructive sleep apnea, Pros = prospective, PSG = polysomnography, PVT = Psychomotor Vigilance Test, RDI = respiratory disturbance index, REM = rapid eye movement, Retro = retrospective, Retro of Pros = retrospective analysis of prospective study, SBI = spindle burst characteristics, SD = standard deviation, SHHS = Sleep Heart Health Study, SO = slow oscillation, SOF = Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, SWA = slow-wave activity, 3MS = Mini-Mental State Examination.