Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 327 Mothers and 363 Infants Included in the Sample.
| Variable | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Maternal prenatal characteristics | |
| Maternal age, y, mean (SD) (n = 324) | 29.04 (6.12) |
| Single/no partner at birth | 86 (26.30) |
| Low SES (lowest SES category on Hollingshead scale) | 29 (8.87) |
| Education (<high school) | 44 (13.46) |
| Race | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1 (0.31) |
| Asian | 15 (4.59) |
| Black or African American | 62 (18.96) |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 2 (0.61) |
| White | 151 (46.18) |
| More than 1 race | 74 (22.63) |
| Unknown or not reported | 22 (6.73) |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 68 (20.80) |
| Infant characteristics | |
| Postmenstrual age, mean (SD), wk | |
| At birth | 27.08 (1.95) |
| At discharge | 40.18 (4.85) |
| Birthweight, g (n = 362) | 965.56 (278.76) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 161 (44.35) |
| Male | 202 (55.65) |
| Intrauterine growth restriction (<10th percentile) | 26 (7.20) |
| Infant medical risk index score | |
| Overall, mean (SD) | 0.83 (0.85) |
| Severe brain injury (PVL, VD, PED) | 48 (13.22) |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 173 (47.66) |
| Severe retinopathy of prematurity | 19 (5.23) |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis/sepsis | 62 (17.31) |
| Problem behavior (score >63 on Child Behavior Checklist) | |
| Total | 35 (9.80) |
| Internalizing | 27 (7.54) |
| Externalizing | 39 (10.92) |
| Composite (Bayley-III score <85) | |
| Language | 127 (36.81) |
| Cognitive | 76 (22.03) |
| Motor | 56 (16.23) |
| Positive autism screen on Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers | 55 (15.28) |
Abbreviations: PED, parenchymal echodensity; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; VD, ventricular dilatation.