Table 2.

Mechanisms of tobacco related physiological effects.

• Carbon monoxide–mediated reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood oxygen transfer and dissociation from hemoglobin     • Hemodynamic stress & increased myocardial work     • Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system & catecholamine release     • Increases coronary artery tone/vasoconstriction     • Endothelial cell damage, Damage cells that line the blood vessels & vascular dysfunction     • Vasomotor dysfunction     • Oxidative stress, & injury     • Plaque Rupture     • Vascular inflammation     • Induction of a hypercoagulable state platelet activation & Coagulation: Prothrombotic and more likely to clot, which can block blood flow to the heart and brain     • Increased fibrinogen and blood viscosity, increased stickiness     • Worsens Lipid profile     • Increased insulin resistance & synergism with other CAD risk factors